用SPAD成像器的制造差异生成动态图像水印，可识别来源并检测篡改。
Dynamic Watermark Generation for Digital Images using Perimeter Gated SPAD Imager PUFs
- 利用SPAD成像器的暗信号非均匀性生成动态水印。
- 在64×64芯片上实现来源识别与篡改检测，灵敏度与鲁棒性可调。
- 首次将SPAD成像器用于图像水印，适合硬件安全应用。
数字图像水印作为一种安全机制，可通过成像器的物理不可克隆功能（PUFs）从制造变异中提取，例如暗信号非均匀性（DSNU）。尽管已有少数研究聚焦于CMOS图像传感器（CIS）和有源像素传感器（APS），但单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）成像器在此领域尚未被探索。本文提出一种基于环形门控SPAD（pgSPAD）成像器的新型水印技术。我们使用三颗64×64 pgSPAD成像器芯片（采用0.35 μm标准CMOS工艺制造），分析了公开数据库中标准测试图像的模拟水印。结果表明，所提出的源-场景特定动态水印可实现来源识别与篡改检测，并具备可控的灵敏度-鲁棒性权衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Digital image watermarks as a security feature can be derived from the imager's physically unclonable functions (PUFs) by utilizing the manufacturing variations, i.e., the dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU). While a few demonstrations focused on the CMOS image sensors (CIS) and active pixel sensors (APS), single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) imagers have never been investigated for this purpose. In this work, we have proposed a novel watermarking technique using perimeter gated SPAD (pgSPAD) imagers. We utilized the DSNU of three 64 x 64 pgSPAD imager chips, fabricated in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process and analyzed the simulated watermarks for standard test images from publicly available database. Our observation shows that both source identification and tamper detection can be achieved using the proposed source-scene-specific dynamic watermarks with a controllable sensitivity-robustness trade-off.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。