提出新型可控无目标后门攻击,可绕过现有防御机制。
CUBA: Controlled Untargeted Backdoor Attack against Deep Neural Networks
- 通过翻转标签与逻辑值归一化,实现受控的无目标后门。
- 攻击后模型对触发样本分类在指定类别范围内均匀分布。
- 适合研究后门防御漏洞或评估模型安全性的人使用。
后门攻击已成为深度神经网络的重要安全威胁。现有攻击多为有目标型,即触发器与特定恶意行为强关联,这使得许多检测方法能有效识别。然而,纯无目标攻击因缺乏明确目标而自我削弱。为此,我们提出一种新型受控无目标后门攻击(CUBA),将无目标攻击的灵活性与有目标攻击的目的性结合:被攻陷的模型在遇到触发图像时,会将其分类为攻击者指定的一组目标类别中的随机类。该方法通过在交叉熵损失上应用带翻转一热标签的逻辑值归一化,约束训练过程中的逻辑值,使模型在选定目标类别间呈现均匀分布,从而实现受控的无目标攻击。大量实验表明,CUBA在多个数据集上均具有效果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Backdoor attacks have emerged as a critical security threat against deep neural networks in recent years. The majority of existing backdoor attacks focus on targeted backdoor attacks, where trigger is strongly associated to specific malicious behavior. Various backdoor detection methods depend on this inherent property and shows effective results in identifying and mitigating such targeted attacks. However, a purely untargeted attack in backdoor scenarios is, in some sense, self-weakening, since the target nature is what makes backdoor attacks so powerful. In light of this, we introduce a novel Constrained Untargeted Backdoor Attack (CUBA), which combines the flexibility of untargeted attacks with the intentionality of targeted attacks. The compromised model, when presented with backdoor images, will classify them into random classes within a constrained range of target classes selected by the attacker. This combination of randomness and determinedness enables the proposed untargeted backdoor attack to natively circumvent existing backdoor defense methods. To implement the untargeted backdoor attack under controlled flexibility, we propose to apply logit normalization on cross-entropy loss with flipped one-hot labels. By constraining the logit during training, the compromised model will show a uniform distribution across selected target classes, resulting in controlled untargeted attack. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CUBA on different datasets.
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