构建仿真环境生成高保真合成激光雷达数据集,支持自动驾驶感知与安全研究。
A workflow for generating synthetic LiDAR datasets in simulation environments
- 基于CoppeliaSim搭建城市场景,集成激光雷达、摄像头等多传感器。
- 自动生成同步的点云、图像与标注数据,含真实位姿信息。
- 可用于评估对抗性攻击防御策略,适合感知与安全研究者使用。
本文提出一种用于生成合成激光雷达数据集的仿真工作流程,以支持自动驾驶感知、机器人研究及传感器安全分析。利用CoppeliaSim仿真环境及其Python API,将飞行时间激光雷达、图像传感器和二维扫描仪集成于模拟车辆平台,在城市场景中运行。该工作流自动化完成数据采集、存储与多格式标注(PCD、PLY、CSV),生成带有真实位姿信息的同步多模态数据集。通过大规模点云与对应RGB/深度图像验证了管道有效性。研究探讨了激光雷达数据中的潜在安全漏洞,如对抗点注入和欺骗攻击,并展示合成数据在评估防御策略中的作用。同时讨论了环境真实度、传感器噪声建模与计算可扩展性的局限,并提出未来方向,包括引入天气效应、真实地形模型与高级扫描配置。该框架具有通用性与可复现性,可推动感知研究与自主系统传感器安全发展。文档与示例见附录链接,包含动态点云返回与图像传感器数据样本。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper presents a simulation workflow for generating synthetic LiDAR datasets to support autonomous vehicle perception, robotics research, and sensor security analysis. Leveraging the CoppeliaSim simulation environment and its Python API, we integrate time-of-flight LiDAR, image sensors, and two dimensional scanners onto a simulated vehicle platform operating within an urban scenario. The workflow automates data capture, storage, and annotation across multiple formats (PCD, PLY, CSV), producing synchronized multimodal datasets with ground truth pose information. We validate the pipeline by generating large-scale point clouds and corresponding RGB and depth imagery. The study examines potential security vulnerabilities in LiDAR data, such as adversarial point injection and spoofing attacks, and demonstrates how synthetic datasets can facilitate the evaluation of defense strategies. Finally, limitations related to environmental realism, sensor noise modeling, and computational scalability are discussed, and future research directions, such as incorporating weather effects, real-world terrain models, and advanced scanner configurations, are proposed. The workflow provides a versatile, reproducible framework for generating high-fidelity synthetic LiDAR datasets to advance perception research and strengthen sensor security in autonomous systems. Documentation and examples accompany this framework; samples of animated cloud returns and image sensor data can be found at this Link.
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