arXiv:2506.17458cs.RO2025-06中稿 · and presented in R…被引 1

仅用编码器和接触信号,精准校准太空机械臂的热变形与误差。

Kinematic Model Optimization via Differentiable Contact Manifold for In-Space Manipulation

  • 构建可微分接触流形模型,从接触姿态中提取力学信息。
  • 在无外部传感器条件下,实现热变形与编码器偏差的联合估计。
  • 适合在轨维护、空间组装等高不确定性任务中的机械臂系统。

太空中机器人操作对碎片清除及在轨服务、组装与制造(ISAM)等新兴应用至关重要。这些任务要求在高度不确定环境下进行高精度、多接触的操作。然而,机械臂连杆的热致变形和温度相关的编码器偏移会引入显著的运动学参数误差,严重降低末端执行器精度。传统标定依赖外部传感器或专用标定流程,在动态、空间作业场景中可能不可行或存在风险。本文提出一种仅需编码器测量和二值接触检测的新方法,通过接触流形——即机械臂与环境发生接触时的相对SE(3)位姿集合——来估计连杆热变形应变和关节编码器偏置。本文核心贡献包括:(1) 可微分的基于学习的接触流形模型;(2) 基于优化的算法,利用接触时刻的编码器数据估计运动学参数。该方法仅依赖编码器与接触信号,为复杂空间环境中安全、精准的操作提供了鲁棒、可解释且数据高效解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robotic manipulation in space is essential for emerging applications such as debris removal and in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM). A key requirement for these tasks is the ability to perform precise, contact-rich manipulation under significant uncertainty. In particular, thermal-induced deformation of manipulator links and temperature-dependent encoder bias introduce kinematic parameter errors that significantly degrade end-effector accuracy. Traditional calibration techniques rely on external sensors or dedicated calibration procedures, which can be infeasible or risky in dynamic, space-based operational scenarios. This paper proposes a novel method for kinematic parameter estimation that only requires encoder measurements and binary contact detection. The approach focuses on estimating link thermal deformation strain and joint encoder biases by leveraging information of the contact manifold - the set of relative SE(3) poses at which contact between the manipulator and environment occurs. We present two core contributions: (1) a differentiable, learning-based model of the contact manifold, and (2) an optimization-based algorithm for estimating kinematic parameters from encoder measurements at contact instances. By enabling parameter estimation using only encoder measurements and contact detection, this method provides a robust, interpretable, and data-efficient solution for safe and accurate manipulation in the challenging conditions of space.

机械臂太空操作参数估计接触建模

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