用现有Wi-Fi设备实现低成本高精度室内定位，无需改造硬件
Crowdsourcing Ubiquitous Indoor Localization with Non-Cooperative Wi-Fi Ranging
- 利用非协作式飞行时间测量技术获取设备与基站距离
- 通过行人航迹推算和众包方式自动初始化定位锚点，平均误差3.06米
- 仅需普通手机和现成Wi-Fi接入点，适合校园等密集场景部署
室内定位为变革性应用开辟了道路。尽管多年来提出了众多方法，但大多难以在真实世界中广泛部署。本文提出PeepLoc，一种基于现有设备和基础设施的可部署、可扩展的Wi-Fi定位方案。PeepLoc可在任何具备足够数量Wi-Fi接入点（APs）和行人流量的室内环境中运行，且只需普通移动设备的未修改Wi-Fi收发器。其核心包含：(a) 使任意Wi-Fi设备能获取到任一AP的非协作式飞行时间（ToF）；(b) 一种新颖的自举机制，依赖行人航迹推算（PDR）和众包，动态将现有AP设为定位锚点。我们在4个校园建筑中使用商用硬件实现并评估PeepLoc，结果显示其平均位置误差为3.41米，中位数误差为3.06米，优于现有部署系统，媲美室外商用GPS表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Indoor localization opens the path to potentially transformative applications. Although many indoor localization methods have been proposed over the years, they remain too impractical for widespread deployment in the real world. In this paper, we introduce PeepLoc, a deployable and scalable Wi-Fi-based solution for indoor localization that relies only on pre-existing devices and infrastructure. Specifically, PeepLoc works on any mobile device with an unmodified Wi-Fi transceiver and in any indoor environment with a sufficient number of Wi-Fi access points (APs) and pedestrian traffic. At the core of PeepLoc is (a) a mechanism which allows any Wi-Fi device to obtain non-cooperative time-of-flight (ToF) to any Wi-Fi AP and (b) a novel bootstrapping mechanism that relies on pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) and crowdsourcing to opportunistically initialize pre-existing APs as anchor points within an environment. We implement PeepLoc using commodity hardware and evaluate it extensively across 4 campus buildings. We show PeepLoc leads to a mean and median positional error of 3.41 m and 3.06 m respectively, which is superior to existing deployed indoor localization systems and is competitive with commodity GPS in outdoor environments.
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