arXiv:2506.18791cs.CVcs.LG2025-06被引 1

提出轻量级视觉变压器,通过注意力聚焦提升效率与精度。

Focus Your Attention: Towards Data-Intuitive Lightweight Vision Transformers

  • 用超像素分块池化生成语义丰富的图像块嵌入
  • 引入隐向量注意力模块,降低计算与内存开销
  • 适合边缘设备部署,训练更快更节能

视觉变换器虽在多个领域取得成功,但其预训练依赖大规模数据与高算力,且任务迁移困难,主要源于自注意力机制的计算密集性。为此,本文提出一种基于超像素的分块池化(SPPP)技术,生成上下文感知、语义丰富的图像块嵌入,有效降低模型复杂度。同时,在架构中引入轻量隐向量注意力(LLA)模块,将隐向量融入注意力机制,实现跨注意力操作,显著减少时间和空间复杂度。结合数据感知的嵌入与动态位置编码,方法能自适应聚焦于信息丰富区域,保持全局语义结构,提升训练效率并加速收敛。SPPP模块轻量且可无缝集成至现有架构。大量实验表明,该方法在计算效率上显著优于现有方案,性能接近顶尖水平,具备面向边缘部署的节能潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The evolution of Vision Transformers has led to their widespread adaptation to different domains. Despite large-scale success, there remain significant challenges including their reliance on extensive computational and memory resources for pre-training on huge datasets as well as difficulties in task-specific transfer learning. These limitations coupled with energy inefficiencies mainly arise due to the computation-intensive self-attention mechanism. To address these issues, we propose a novel Super-Pixel Based Patch Pooling (SPPP) technique that generates context-aware, semantically rich, patch embeddings to effectively reduce the architectural complexity and improve efficiency. Additionally, we introduce the Light Latent Attention (LLA) module in our pipeline by integrating latent tokens into the attention mechanism allowing cross-attention operations to significantly reduce the time and space complexity of the attention module. By leveraging the data-intuitive patch embeddings coupled with dynamic positional encodings, our approach adaptively modulates the cross-attention process to focus on informative regions while maintaining the global semantic structure. This targeted attention improves training efficiency and accelerates convergence. Notably, the SPPP module is lightweight and can be easily integrated into existing transformer architectures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed architecture provides significant improvements in terms of computational efficiency while achieving comparable results with the state-of-the-art approaches, highlighting its potential for energy-efficient transformers suitable for edge deployment. (The code is available on our GitHub repository: https://github.com/zser092/Focused-Attention-ViT).

视觉变换器轻量化注意力机制边缘计算

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