arXiv:2506.18812cs.ROcs.LG2025-06被引 1

让神经网络学会处理有摩擦和约束的物理系统,保持能量与动量守恒。

Learning Physical Systems: Symplectification via Gauge Fixing in Dirac Structures

  • 通过狄拉克结构将受约束系统映射到高维空间,恢复非退化的辛几何结构。
  • 在ANYmal四足机器人上实现精确轨迹预测,能量误差低于3%且满足约束。
  • 适合研究多体机器人、含耗散系统的物理信息神经网络开发者。

物理引导的深度学习通过嵌入哈密顿对称性和变分原理等几何先验,在神经网络中构建保持结构的模型,实现高精度外推。然而,在具有耗散和完整约束的系统(如足式运动和多体机器人)中,标准辛形式会退化,破坏保证稳定性和长期预测的不变量。本文提出首个基于狄拉克结构进行辛提升的学习框架——预辛化网络(PSNs),通过将受约束系统嵌入高维流形,恢复非退化的辛几何。架构结合循环编码器与流匹配目标,端到端学习扩展相空间动力学,并附加轻量级辛网络(SympNet)以预测约束轨迹,同时保持能量、动量守恒与约束满足。我们在复杂的接触丰富型多体系统——ANYmal四足机器人上验证了该方法。据我们所知,这是首个有效连接约束耗散机械系统与辛学习的框架,为基于第一性原理又可从数据自适应的几何机器学习模型开辟新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Physics-informed deep learning has achieved remarkable progress by embedding geometric priors, such as Hamiltonian symmetries and variational principles, into neural networks, enabling structure-preserving models that extrapolate with high accuracy. However, in systems with dissipation and holonomic constraints, ubiquitous in legged locomotion and multibody robotics, the canonical symplectic form becomes degenerate, undermining the very invariants that guarantee stability and long-term prediction. In this work, we tackle this foundational limitation by introducing Presymplectification Networks (PSNs), the first framework to learn the symplectification lift via Dirac structures, restoring a non-degenerate symplectic geometry by embedding constrained systems into a higher-dimensional manifold. Our architecture combines a recurrent encoder with a flow-matching objective to learn the augmented phase-space dynamics end-to-end. We then attach a lightweight Symplectic Network (SympNet) to forecast constrained trajectories while preserving energy, momentum, and constraint satisfaction. We demonstrate our method on the dynamics of the ANYmal quadruped robot, a challenging contact-rich, multibody system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first framework that effectively bridges the gap between constrained, dissipative mechanical systems and symplectic learning, unlocking a whole new class of geometric machine learning models, grounded in first principles yet adaptable from data.

物理信息网络辛学习多体系统机器人控制

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