用AI提升北欧国家应急预警系统，强化公众参与与通信
AI-based Approach in Early Warning Systems: Focus on Emergency Communication Ecosystem and Citizen Participation in Nordic Countries
- 结合AI与INFORM框架，优化灾害预警各阶段技术
- 强调应急通信与心理风险感知对响应效果的关键作用
- 基于北欧案例，适合政策制定与应急管理研究者参考
气候变化与自然灾害是全球性挑战，需复杂高效的应对生态系统以应对社会、经济和环境影响。本文倡导整体性方法，区分准备、应急响应和灾后恢复三个阶段，特别强调早期预警系统（EWS）、风险建模与缓解措施的作用。文章回顾了各阶段可利用的人工智能（AI）赋能技术，聚焦于INFORM风险框架与早期预警系统。在应急响应阶段，重点突出应急通信与心理风险感知的重要性。最后，通过北欧国家的若干案例研究进行说明。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Climate change and natural disasters are recognized as worldwide challenges requiring complex and efficient ecosystems to deal with social, economic, and environmental effects. This chapter advocates a holistic approach, distinguishing preparedness, emergency responses, and postcrisis phases. The role of the Early Warning System (EWS), Risk modeling and mitigation measures are particularly emphasized. The chapter reviews the various Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabler technologies that can be leveraged at each phase, focusing on the INFORM risk framework and EWSs. Emergency communication and psychological risk perception have been emphasized in emergency response times. Finally, a set of case studies from Nordic countries has been highlighted.
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