用迭代方式构建深层量子特征映射,降低噪声影响和资源消耗。
Iterative Quantum Feature Maps
- 通过经典权重连接浅层量子电路,分层训练减少量子运行时间。
- 在含噪数据上性能优于量子卷积网络,且无需优化变分参数。
- 适合希望在现有硬件上实现量子优势的研究者和工程实践者。
利用量子电路作为量子特征映射(QFMs)的量子机器学习模型因其强大的表达能力而受到关注,在特定分类问题中已实现严格的端到端量子加速。然而,由于电路噪声和硬件限制,将深层QFMs部署在真实量子设备上仍具挑战性。此外,变分量子算法常面临计算瓶颈,尤其在精确梯度估计方面,显著增加训练过程中的量子资源需求。本文提出迭代量子特征映射(IQFMs),一种混合量子-经典框架,通过迭代连接浅层QFMs并结合经典计算的增强权重,构建深层架构。引入对比学习与分层训练机制,有效降低量子运行时长,并缓解噪声引起的退化。数值实验表明,在含噪量子数据任务中,IQFMs表现优于量子卷积神经网络,且无需优化变分量子参数。即使在典型的经典图像分类基准上,经精心设计的IQFMs框架性能也接近经典神经网络。该框架为突破当前限制、发挥量子增强机器学习潜力提供了可行路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum machine learning models that leverage quantum circuits as quantum feature maps (QFMs) are recognized for their enhanced expressive power in learning tasks. Such models have demonstrated rigorous end-to-end quantum speedups for specific families of classification problems. However, deploying deep QFMs on real quantum hardware remains challenging due to circuit noise and hardware constraints. Additionally, variational quantum algorithms often suffer from computational bottlenecks, particularly in accurate gradient estimation, which significantly increases quantum resource demands during training. We propose Iterative Quantum Feature Maps (IQFMs), a hybrid quantum-classical framework that constructs a deep architecture by iteratively connecting shallow QFMs with classically computed augmentation weights. By incorporating contrastive learning and a layer-wise training mechanism, the IQFMs framework effectively reduces quantum runtime and mitigates noise-induced degradation. In tasks involving noisy quantum data, numerical experiments show that the IQFMs framework outperforms quantum convolutional neural networks, without requiring the optimization of variational quantum parameters. Even for a typical classical image classification benchmark, a carefully designed IQFMs framework achieves performance comparable to that of classical neural networks. This framework presents a promising path to address current limitations and harness the full potential of quantum-enhanced machine learning.
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