让大模型性格可调,精细控制16种人格特质强度。
SAC: A Framework for Measuring and Inducing Personality Traits in LLMs with Dynamic Intensity Control
- 用16种人格因子替代传统五大维度,支持更细粒度建模。
- 提出动态强度控制框架,使性格表达更连贯可控。
- 适合需要拟人交互的医疗、教育等场景使用。
近年来,大语言模型在多个领域广泛应用,人们对模型在交互中展现类人性格的期待日益增长。现有方法多基于五大性格维度(OCEAN),难以刻画细腻人格特征,且缺乏强度调控机制。本文扩展机器人格量表(MPI),引入16种人格因子(16PF)模型,实现对十六种人格特质的精细建模。提出专用属性控制框架(SAC),通过形容词语义锚定引导性格强度表达,并设计五维强度指标(频率、深度、阈值、努力、意愿)实现动态调节。实验表明,将性格强度设为连续谱比二元开关更能带来一致可控的表达效果;同时,目标特质强度变化会系统性影响相关特质,呈现心理上合理的关联模式,表明模型已内化多维人格结构而非孤立处理。本研究为医疗、教育、面试等需拟人交互的场景提供了新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) have gained significant traction across a wide range of fields in recent years. There is also a growing expectation for them to display human-like personalities during interactions. To meet this expectation, numerous studies have proposed methods for modelling LLM personalities through psychometric evaluations. However, most existing models face two major limitations: they rely on the Big Five (OCEAN) framework, which only provides coarse personality dimensions, and they lack mechanisms for controlling trait intensity. In this paper, we address this gap by extending the Machine Personality Inventory (MPI), which originally used the Big Five model, to incorporate the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) model, allowing expressive control over sixteen distinct traits. We also developed a structured framework known as Specific Attribute Control (SAC) for evaluating and dynamically inducing trait intensity in LLMs. Our method introduces adjective-based semantic anchoring to guide trait intensity expression and leverages behavioural questions across five intensity factors: \textit{Frequency}, \textit{Depth}, \textit{Threshold}, \textit{Effort}, and \textit{Willingness}. Through experimentation, we find that modelling intensity as a continuous spectrum yields substantially more consistent and controllable personality expression compared to binary trait toggling. Moreover, we observe that changes in target trait intensity systematically influence closely related traits in psychologically coherent directions, suggesting that LLMs internalize multi-dimensional personality structures rather than treating traits in isolation. Our work opens new pathways for controlled and nuanced human-machine interactions in domains such as healthcare, education, and interviewing processes, bringing us one step closer to truly human-like social machines.
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