arXiv:2506.22204stat.MLcs.LG2025-06被引 2

用物理先验和数据联合补全不完整方程,提升模型准确性与可解释性。

Hybrid Generative Modeling for Incomplete Physics: Deep Grey-Box Meets Optimal Transport

  • 结合物理规律与数据驱动,用最优传输映射修复缺失项
  • 在无配对数据下仍能准确生成真实系统动态,保持参数合理
  • 适合需要高可解释性的物理建模场景,如气候、流体模拟

物理现象通常由常微分方程或偏微分方程(ODEs/PDEs)描述,可通过解析或数值方法求解。然而,许多真实系统仅以不完整方程描述,方程中存在缺失或未知项,导致物理模型分布偏离真实数据生成过程(DGP)。在仅有有限且未配对的DGP观测与模型仿真数据条件下,本文提出一种新方法,通过融合理论驱动模型与数据驱动方法,补全已知物理模型,以描述包含在DGP中的分布偏移。我们提出一种混合生成模型框架,结合深度灰盒建模与最优传输(OT)方法,实现数据空间中的OT映射同时最小化源分布畸变,在解决无配对问题上表现优异,并确保物理参数的正确使用。相比黑箱方法,本方法利用物理归纳偏置,精准学习系统动态,同时通过领域知识保持可解释性。实验验证了该方法在生成任务与模型透明度上的有效性,提供对学习到的物理动态的深入洞察。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Physics phenomena are often described by ordinary and/or partial differential equations (ODEs/PDEs), and solved analytically or numerically. Unfortunately, many real-world systems are described only approximately with missing or unknown terms in the equations. This makes the distribution of the physics model differ from the true data-generating process (DGP). Using limited and unpaired data between DGP observations and the imperfect model simulations, we investigate this particular setting by completing the known-physics model, combining theory-driven models and data-driven to describe the shifted distribution involved in the DGP. We present a novel hybrid generative model approach combining deep grey-box modelling with Optimal Transport (OT) methods to enhance incomplete physics models. Our method implements OT maps in data space while maintaining minimal source distribution distortion, demonstrating superior performance in resolving the unpaired problem and ensuring correct usage of physics parameters. Unlike black-box alternatives, our approach leverages physics-based inductive biases to accurately learn system dynamics while preserving interpretability through its domain knowledge foundation. Experimental results validate our method's effectiveness in both generation tasks and model transparency, offering detailed insights into learned physics dynamics.

物理建模生成模型最优传输灰盒建模

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