用量子旋转扰动增强图像分类,准确率提升3%以上。
Boosting Classification with Quantum-Inspired Augmentations
- 用小角度布洛赫球旋转作为量子启发的数据增强方法。
- 在ImageNet上使Top-1准确率提升3%,F₁分数提高4个百分点。
- 适用于希望提升模型鲁棒性的计算机视觉研究者。
理解小型量子门扰动的影响至关重要,这类扰动在量子数字设备中常见但经典计算机中不存在,可能揭示量子机器学习的优势。尽管这些扰动通常被视为对量子计算的负面影响,但它们实际上可作为自然的数据增强来源,从而提升性能。此外,这些扰动可在经典硬件上高效模拟,使量子启发的方法改进经典机器学习。本文研究了随机布洛赫球旋转——一种基本的SU(2)变换——作为简单而有效的量子启发数据增强技术。与传统的翻转、旋转或裁剪等增强方式不同,量子变换缺乏直观的空间解释,使其在图像分类等任务中的应用更具挑战性。不同于依赖量子模型或可训练量子卷积层的传统量子增强方法,本文直接将小角度布洛赫旋转应用于经典数据。在大规模ImageNet数据集上,我们证明该量子启发增强方法显著提升图像分类性能:相比标准经典增强,Top-1准确率提升3%,Top-5准确率提升2.5%,F₁分数从8%增至12%。最后,我们考察了更强的酉变换的应用。虽然这些变换理论上保持信息完整,但会导致图像视觉上不可识别,具有隐私计算潜力。然而,我们发现该增强方法及其简单的SU(2)变换并未提升差分隐私,讨论了这一局限性的含义。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Understanding the impact of small quantum gate perturbations, which are common in quantum digital devices but absent in classical computers, is crucial for identifying potential advantages in quantum machine learning. While these perturbations are typically seen as detrimental to quantum computation, they can actually enhance performance by serving as a natural source of data augmentation. Additionally, they can often be efficiently simulated on classical hardware, enabling quantum-inspired approaches to improve classical machine learning methods. In this paper, we investigate random Bloch sphere rotations, which are fundamental SU(2) transformations, as a simple yet effective quantum-inspired data augmentation technique. Unlike conventional augmentations such as flipping, rotating, or cropping, quantum transformations lack intuitive spatial interpretations, making their application to tasks like image classification less straightforward. While common quantum augmentation methods rely on applying quantum models or trainable quanvolutional layers to classical datasets, we focus on the direct application of small-angle Bloch rotations and their effect on classical data. Using the large-scale ImageNet dataset, we demonstrate that our quantum-inspired augmentation method improves image classification performance, increasing Top-1 accuracy by 3%, Top-5 accuracy by 2.5%, and the F$_1$ score from 8% to 12% compared to standard classical augmentation methods. Finally, we examine the use of stronger unitary augmentations. Although these transformations preserve information in principle, they result in visually unrecognizable images with potential applications for privacy computations. However, we show that our augmentation approach and simple SU(2) transformations do not enhance differential privacy and discuss the implications of this limitation.
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