提出无需训练的视觉剪枝方法,解决跨模态错位导致的冗余问题。
Rethinking Visual Token Reduction in LVLMs Under Cross-Modal Misalignment
- 基于视觉内注意力选择关键视觉令牌,不依赖文本信号。
- 在多阶段进行令牌筛选与轻量合并,保持细粒度信息。
- 集成后推理延迟降2.7倍,算力消耗降6倍,性能损失仅4.29%。
大型视觉语言模型(LVLMs)将视觉输入编码为密集的块级令牌序列以捕捉细粒度语义,但其视觉令牌数量远超文本令牌,带来巨大计算开销,限制了实际可扩展性。以往的视觉令牌压缩方法或在模型前、或在大语言模型(LLM)内进行。然而,多数在LLM内的压缩方法依赖文本引导的交互,隐含假设文本能准确反映视觉令牌的重要性。本文重新审视该假设,揭示了因果、语义和空间层面的跨模态错位现象,这些错位削弱了文本引导压缩的有效性。为此,我们提出VisionDrop——一种无需训练、纯视觉的剪枝框架,通过视觉内注意力机制(intra-modal attention)选择信息量高的视觉令牌。为进一步抑制模型层级中的冗余,我们将视觉编码器与LLM视为统一系统,设计渐进式剪枝流程,在多个阶段执行主导令牌选择与轻量上下文融合,从而在极端令牌预算下仍能保留精细视觉信息。大量实验表明,VisionDrop在无需额外训练或复杂修改的情况下,优于现有方法。尤其在集成至LLaVA-NeXT-7B后,推理延迟降低2.7倍,浮点运算量减少6倍,同时保持95.71%的原始性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) encode visual inputs as dense sequences of patch-level tokens to capture fine-grained semantics. These visual tokens often outnumber their textual counterparts by a large margin, leading to substantial computational overhead and limiting the scalability of LVLMs in practice. Previous efforts have explored visual token reduction either prior to or within the large language models (LLMs). However, most in-LLM reduction approaches rely on text-conditioned interactions, implicitly assuming that textual tokens can reliably capture the importance of visual tokens. In this work, we revisit this assumption and reveal causal, semantic, and spatial forms of cross-modal misalignment. These misalignments undermine the effectiveness of text-guided visual token reduction. To address this, we introduce VisionDrop, a training-free, visual-only pruning framework that selects informative visual tokens based on intra-modal (visual-to-visual) attention, without relying on textual signals. To further suppress redundancy throughout the model hierarchy, we treat the visual encoder and the LLM as a unified system and design a progressive pruning pipeline. Our method performs dominant token selection and lightweight contextual merging at multiple stages, enabling fine-grained visual information to be retained even under aggressive token budgets. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks show that VisionDrop achieves consistent improvements over existing approaches, despite requiring no additional training or complex modifications. Notably, when integrated with LLaVA-NeXT-7B, VisionDrop achieves a 2.7x reduction in inference latency and 6x in FLOPs, while retaining 95.71% of the original performance.
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