用可变长度符号序列实现端到端视频目标检测,提升精度与效率。
Improving Token-based Object Detection with Video
- 用离散符号序列表示物体,无需定位标注,避免训练损失稀疏问题。
- 输出3D轨迹框而非2D框拼接,支持长视频和多目标跟踪,计算资源扩展性好。
- 在多个数据集上优于基线模型,性能接近当前最优,适合视频目标检测研究者。
本文改进Pix2Seq目标检测器,将其扩展至视频场景。通过将物体表示为可变长度的离散符号序列,可简洁表达数量、形状和位置各异的视频物体,且无需在训练中引入定位提示,从而避免传统检测器因采样所有可能框而产生的训练损失稀疏问题及推理时依赖启发式后处理的缺陷。同时,将视频物体视为完整不可分割的3D框或轨迹(tracklet),而非逐帧生成2D框再拼接,使模型能随输入视频子序列长度增加而自然扩展,即使子序列覆盖全视频也可实现多目标跟踪。在多个数据集上对比基线Pix2Seq静态检测器,结果一致提升,尽管受限于计算资源,仍表现出色;在UA-DETRAC数据集上与多个现有视频检测器比较,性能达到当前先进水平。代码与模型已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper improves upon the Pix2Seq object detector by extending it for videos. In the process, it introduces a new way to perform end-to-end video object detection that improves upon existing video detectors in two key ways. First, by representing objects as variable-length sequences of discrete tokens, we can succinctly represent widely varying numbers of video objects, with diverse shapes and locations, without having to inject any localization cues in the training process. This eliminates the need to sample the space of all possible boxes that constrains conventional detectors and thus solves the dual problems of loss sparsity during training and heuristics-based postprocessing during inference. Second, it conceptualizes and outputs the video objects as fully integrated and indivisible 3D boxes or tracklets instead of generating image-specific 2D boxes and linking these boxes together to construct the video object, as done in most conventional detectors. This allows it to scale effortlessly with available computational resources by simply increasing the length of the video subsequence that the network takes as input, even generalizing to multi-object tracking if the subsequence can span the entire video. We compare our video detector with the baseline Pix2Seq static detector on several datasets and demonstrate consistent improvement, although with strong signs of being bottlenecked by our limited computational resources. We also compare it with several video detectors on UA-DETRAC to show that it is competitive with the current state of the art even with the computational bottleneck. We make our code and models publicly available.
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