用加热让塑料片自动变成立体形状，无需复杂设备。
Directed Shape Morphing using Kirigami-enhanced Thermoplastics
- 用剪裁的折纸结构+热缩塑料，设计可自变形的复合材料。
- 均匀加热下实现碗、金字塔等复杂形状，精度高且可控。
- 适合快速原型制作和柔性制造，无需精密控制。
我们提出一种简单易行的方法，仅需均匀加热和家用烤箱、剪刀等常见工具，即可将扁平塑料片自主转换为复杂三维结构。该方法结合热收缩性热塑材料与针对目标3D形状设计的折纸（Kirigami）图案，形成双层复合结构，可自动生成碗、金字塔及定制人体工学表面（如鼠标垫）。关键在于，仅通过低信息量刺激（均匀加热），便能通过预设几何设计生成高度复杂的形态。有限元仿真验证了形变机制源于收缩热塑层与约束折纸层之间的应变失配。该方法将材料组成与力学响应解耦，避免了复杂的工艺控制，适用于多种自变形结构，为适应性设计与规模化制造提供通用平台。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present a simple, accessible method for autonomously transforming flat plastic sheets into intricate three-dimensional structures using only uniform heating and common tools such as household ovens and scissors. Our approach combines heat-shrinkable thermoplastics with Kirigami patterns tailored to the target 3D shape, creating bilayer composites that morph into a wide range of complex structures, e.g., bowls, pyramids, and even custom ergonomic surfaces like mouse covers. Critically, the transformation is driven by a low-information stimulus (uniform heat) yet produces highly intricate shapes through programmed geometric design. The morphing behavior, confirmed by finite element simulations, arises from strain mismatch between the contracting thermoplastic layer and the constraining Kirigami layer. By decoupling material composition from mechanical response, this method avoids detailed process control and enables a broad class of self-morphing structures, offering a versatile platform for adaptive design and scalable manufacturing.
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