无需精确感知,靠接触力自动修正误差完成高精度插孔装配
Robust Peg-in-Hole Assembly under Uncertainties via Compliant and Interactive Contact-Rich Manipulation
- 利用零件接触时的物理反馈,动态调整装配动作
- 在真实环境中实现跨尺度、多材料的稳定装配,成功率超95%
- 适合工业场景中存在不确定性的自动化装配任务
在严苛公差下实现鲁棒且自适应的机器人插孔装配对众多工业应用至关重要。然而,由于接触交互带来的感知与物理不确定性易超出允许间隙,该问题仍具挑战性。本文研究如何利用插销与孔之间的接触来消除装配过程中的不确定性,特别是在非结构化环境下。通过分析接触约束下的柔顺性作用,提出一种包含碰撞的运动规划系统,使插销能:1)迭代识别任务环境以定位目标孔;2)利用环境接触约束优化插入动作,无需依赖精确感知,从而实现鲁棒的插孔装配。将上述过程形式化为不同状态空间中的收敛机制,提出一种可吸收不确定性的操作“漏斗”构建方法。所提系统在学习无关的前提下,有效泛化于多种尺寸、形状和材料的插孔场景。在NIST装配任务板(ATB)及额外复杂场景中的大量实验验证了其在真实应用中的鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robust and adaptive robotic peg-in-hole assembly under tight tolerances is critical to various industrial applications. However, it remains an open challenge due to perceptual and physical uncertainties from contact-rich interactions that easily exceed the allowed clearance. In this paper, we study how to leverage contact between the peg and its matching hole to eliminate uncertainties in the assembly process under unstructured settings. By examining the role of compliance under contact constraints, we present a manipulation system that plans collision-inclusive interactions for the peg to 1) iteratively identify its task environment to localize the target hole and 2) exploit environmental contact constraints to refine insertion motions into the target hole without relying on precise perception, enabling a robust solution to peg-in-hole assembly. By conceptualizing the above process as the composition of funneling in different state spaces, we present a formal approach to constructing manipulation funnels as an uncertainty-absorbing paradigm for peg-in-hole assembly. The proposed system effectively generalizes across diverse peg-in-hole scenarios across varying scales, shapes, and materials in a learning-free manner. Extensive experiments on a NIST Assembly Task Board (ATB) and additional challenging scenarios validate its robustness in real-world applications.
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