arXiv:2506.22919cs.AI2025-06

Hecto让不同专家专攻不同推理类型,提升效率与可解释性。

Hecto: Modular Sparse Experts for Adaptive and Interpretable Reasoning

  • 混合专家架构引入异构专家:循环神经网络处理时序推理,前馈网络处理静态抽象。
  • 在多个推理任务上表现接近同质模型,且专家分工明确,分别对应时序与静态推理。
  • 适合追求可解释性与资源高效推理的场景,尤其在大批次下优势更明显。

混合专家(MoE)模型通过路由输入到特定专家实现条件计算,但这些专家具有相同的归纳偏置,限制了表征多样性。这种静态计算路径对需要不同类型推理的输入效率低下,也阻碍了专业化和可解释性。我们提出Hecto,一种轻量级MoE架构,通过结合循环神经网络(GRU)专家处理时序推理、前馈神经网络(FFNN)专家处理静态抽象,在稀疏Top-1门控机制下实现架构异质性。在三个推理基准(AG News、SST-2、HotpotQA)和一个回归任务(STS-B)上评估,尽管输入表示孤立,Hecto性能仍与同质基线持平或接近,且专家分工清晰,分别对应时序与静态推理。在更大批次下,其性能进一步提升,得益于更宽松的计算约束使其异质架构能更有效优化。消融实验表明,架构多样性是Hecto在多样推理任务中保持稳定性和可解释性的根源。总体而言,Hecto为条件计算树立了新基准,提供了一种低资源环境下基于合理专业化的专门推理框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable conditional computation by routing inputs to specialized experts, but these experts rely on identical inductive biases, thus limiting representational diversity. This static computation pathway is inefficient for inputs that require different types of reasoning and limits specialization and interpretability. We propose Hecto, a lightweight MoE architecture that leverages architectural heterogeneity by combining a GRU expert for temporal reasoning and an FFNN expert for static abstraction under a sparse Top-1 gating mechanism. Evaluated on three reasoning benchmarks (AG News, SST-2, HotpotQA) and a regression task (STS-B), Hecto matches or closely trails homogeneous baselines in performance despite receiving isolated input representations, while achieving clear expert specialization, with each expert aligning to distinct reasoning types (temporal vs static). At larger batch sizes, Hecto exhibits improved performance, benefiting from relaxed computational constraints that allow its heterogeneous architecture to optimize more effectively. Ablation results isolate architectural diversity as the source of Hecto's stability and interpretability across diverse reasoning tasks. Overall, Hecto establishes itself as a new benchmark for conditional computation, offering a principled framework for specialized reasoning in low-resource regimes with its model strength derived from principled specialization.

混合专家推理模型可解释性异构架构

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