用谱元法首次模拟海豚头骨超声波传播，为研究其回声定位提供新工具。
Feasibility of spectral-element modeling of wave propagation through the anatomy of marine mammals
- 采用谱元法结合断层扫描数据构建海豚头骨三维网格，精确还原脂肪和颌骨结构。
- 成功模拟平面与球面波传播，验证了该方法在高频超声中的高效性。
- 适合研究海豚听觉机制、声呐原理及人类噪声污染影响的科研人员。
本研究首次实现对宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus）头部的3D谱元法（SEM）超声波传播模拟。与传统有限元法（FEM）因高频率下线性系统求解成本高、收敛慢而受限不同，SEM具有指数级收敛速度和高效的并行计算能力。基于计算机断层扫描（CT）数据，我们构建了包含复杂解剖结构（如声学脂肪和颌骨）的六面体网格。对平面波与球面波的模拟验证了SEM在超声时域建模中的有效性。该方法为海洋生物学研究开辟新路径，有助于理解回声定位机制、人为海洋噪声污染的影响以及海豚听觉与声波生成的生物物理过程。通过克服FEM局限，SEM成为测试海豚生物声学假设的强大可扩展工具，对保护工作和应对日益严峻的环境挑战具有重要意义。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study introduces the first 3D spectral-element method (SEM) simulation of ultrasonic wave propagation in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) head. Unlike traditional finite-element methods (FEM), which struggle with high-frequency simulations due to costly linear-system inversions and slower convergence, SEM offers exponential convergence and efficient parallel computation. Using Computed Tomography (CT) scan data, we developed a detailed hexahedral mesh capturing complex anatomical features, such as acoustic fats and jaws. Our simulations of plane and spherical waves confirm SEM's effectiveness for ultrasonic time-domain modeling. This approach opens new avenues for marine biology, contributing to research in echolocation, the impacts of anthropogenic marine noise pollution and the biophysics of hearing and click generation in marine mammals. By overcoming FEM's limitations, SEM provides a powerful scalable tool to test hypotheses about dolphin bioacoustics, with significant implications for conservation and understanding marine mammal auditory systems under increasing environmental challenges.
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