arXiv:2506.23394cs.IRcs.AI2025-06

让大模型学会用工具,尤其在非英语语言中表现更稳。

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools

  • 用双语函数调用数据继续训练模型,提升跨语言工具使用能力。
  • 在保加利亚语上实现最高28.75%的调用准确率提升,输出格式更规范。
  • 适合希望拓展非英语场景下工具调用功能的研究者和开发者。

通过函数调用集成外部工具对实用语言模型应用至关重要,但多数多语言模型在非英语环境下缺乏可靠的工具使用能力。即使最先进的多语言模型,在低资源语言中也常因语言混淆而难以判断何时调用工具或生成结构化输出。本文以保加利亚语为案例,提出一种适配现有语言模型以实现任意目标语言中稳健工具使用的方法。该方法基于10,035个函数调用示例构建的新型双语数据集,对BgGPT系列(2.6B、9B、27B参数)模型进行持续训练,并引入TUCAN(Tool-Using Capable Assistant Navigator)框架。实验表明,TUCAN在保加利亚语基准测试中相较基础模型最高提升28.75%的函数调用准确率,同时保持核心语言理解能力。此外,其输出格式规范、可解析,显著优于基础模型的冗长不一致响应。模型、评估框架与数据集均已开源,支持其他语言复现。本研究展示了将工具增强能力从英语中心系统扩展至多语言环境的可行路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

External tool integration through function-calling is essential for practical language model applications, yet most multilingual models lack reliable tool-use capabilities in non-English languages. Even state-of-the-art multilingual models struggle with determining when to use tools and generating the structured outputs required for function calls, often exhibiting language confusion when prompted in lower-resource languages. This work presents a methodology for adapting existing language models to enable robust tool use in any target language, using Bulgarian as a case study. The approach involves continued training of the BgGPT model series (2.6B, 9B, 27B parameters) on a novel bilingual dataset of 10,035 function-calling examples designed to support standardized protocols like MCP (Model Context Protocol). The research introduces TUCAN (Tool-Using Capable Assistant Navigator), which achieves up to 28.75% improvement in function-calling accuracy over base models while preserving core language understanding, as verified on established Bulgarian benchmarks. Beyond accuracy gains, TUCAN models demonstrate production-ready response formatting with clean, parsable function calls, contrasting with the verbose and inconsistent outputs of base models. The models, evaluation framework, and dataset are released to enable replication for other languages. This work demonstrates a practical approach for extending tool-augmented capabilities beyond English-centric systems.

工具调用多语言大模型函数调用

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