解决图数据中属性与结构异常的冲突,提升检测效果。
Reconciling Attribute and Structural Anomalies for Improved Graph Anomaly Detection
- 三通道设计分别识别属性、结构和混合异常。
- 多尺度属性模块缓解过平滑,链接增强结构模块提升孤立点识别。
- 互蒸馏机制促进通道协作,适合医疗金融等异常检测场景。
图异常检测在医疗、经济等领域至关重要,能有效避免重大损失。现有无监督方法试图用单一模型同时检测属性和结构异常,但两类异常间存在冲突,导致性能不佳。本文提出TripleAD——一种基于互蒸馏的三通道图异常检测框架。第一通道设计多尺度属性估计模块,捕捉节点间广泛交互,缓解过平滑问题;第二通道引入链接增强结构估计模块,增强拓扑孤立节点的信息传递;第三通道采用新的属性-混合曲率指标,融合属性与结构信息以区分混合异常。此外,通过互蒸馏策略促进三通道间的协同学习。大量实验表明,TripleAD显著优于多个强基线模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graph anomaly detection is critical in domains such as healthcare and economics, where identifying deviations can prevent substantial losses. Existing unsupervised approaches strive to learn a single model capable of detecting both attribute and structural anomalies. However, they confront the tug-of-war problem between two distinct types of anomalies, resulting in suboptimal performance. This work presents TripleAD, a mutual distillation-based triple-channel graph anomaly detection framework. It includes three estimation modules to identify the attribute, structural, and mixed anomalies while mitigating the interference between different types of anomalies. In the first channel, we design a multiscale attribute estimation module to capture extensive node interactions and ameliorate the over-smoothing issue. To better identify structural anomalies, we introduce a link-enhanced structure estimation module in the second channel that facilitates information flow to topologically isolated nodes. The third channel is powered by an attribute-mixed curvature, a new indicator that encapsulates both attribute and structural information for discriminating mixed anomalies. Moreover, a mutual distillation strategy is introduced to encourage communication and collaboration between the three channels. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TripleAD model against strong baselines.
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