动态分配模型量化与计算任务,让边缘设备更省电、更快推理。
QPART: Adaptive Model Quantization and Dynamic Workload Balancing for Accuracy-aware Edge Inference
- 根据设备能力动态调整模型精度和计算分工。
- 计算负载减少80%以上,精度损失低于1%。
- 适合资源受限的智能终端实时推理场景。
随着机器学习推理向边缘设备迁移,适应多样化的计算能力、硬件和内存限制变得愈发关键。我们主张,针对每个推理请求,为设备量身定制模型,依据其计算能力、精度需求和时间约束规划推理方案,比使用固定预训练模型更具成本效益且更鲁棒。为此,提出一种兼顾精度感知与负载均衡的推理系统,集成联合模型量化与推理分片。服务器根据请求动态下发量化模型,并与设备协同分配推理任务,同时考虑设备算力、通信带宽及精度要求。此外,引入新的优化框架,联合优化逐层量化位宽与分片点,以最小化时间和成本,通过精度退化度量处理不同任务的精度需求。据我们所知,这是首个在推理服务系统中对量化位宽进行逐层优化的工作,引入了精度退化的理论度量。仿真结果表明,整体耗时与功耗显著降低,计算负载下降超80%,精度退化保持在1%以下。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As machine learning inferences increasingly move to edge devices, adapting to diverse computational capabilities, hardware, and memory constraints becomes more critical. Instead of relying on a pre-trained model fixed for all future inference queries across diverse edge devices, we argue that planning an inference pattern with a request-specific model tailored to the device's computational capacity, accuracy requirements, and time constraints is more cost-efficient and robust to diverse scenarios. To this end, we propose an accuracy-aware and workload-balanced inference system that integrates joint model quantization and inference partitioning. In this approach, the server dynamically responds to inference queries by sending a quantized model and adaptively sharing the inference workload with the device. Meanwhile, the device's computational power, channel capacity, and accuracy requirements are considered when deciding. Furthermore, we introduce a new optimization framework for the inference system, incorporating joint model quantization and partitioning. Our approach optimizes layer-wise quantization bit width and partition points to minimize time consumption and cost while accounting for varying accuracy requirements of tasks through an accuracy degradation metric in our optimization model. To our knowledge, this work represents the first exploration of optimizing quantization layer-wise bit-width in the inference serving system, by introducing theoretical measurement of accuracy degradation. Simulation results demonstrate a substantial reduction in overall time and power consumption, with computation payloads decreasing by over 80% and accuracy degradation kept below 1%.
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