用低秩适配让冻结的LLM更好理解视觉特征,提升自监督表征学习效果。
Enhancing Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning via Low-Rank Adapted LLMs
- 通过掩码自编码联合训练视觉模型与LLM的低秩适配层
- 在ImageNet上达到82.1%准确率,优于基线方法3.5个百分点
- 适合想利用预训练语言模型增强视觉任务的研究者
将大语言模型(LLM)模块与视觉变换器(ViT)结合,在纯视觉任务中具有巨大潜力,可借助LLM丰富的语义知识和推理能力。然而,LLM以文本为中心的预训练与ViT以视觉为中心的训练存在固有模态不匹配问题。直接融合难以充分发挥LLM潜力,且微调不稳定。因此,以往工作通常冻结LLM模块,仅训练视觉部分。为此,我们提出语言适配视觉增强框架LAVIE,通过协同预训练策略弥合模态差距。LAVIE同时使用掩码自编码(MAE)预训练ViT骨干网络,以及对LLM模块中的低秩适配(LoRA)层进行相同目标的训练。这种联合优化使ViT生成与LLM对齐的特征,同时引导LLM有效解析视觉信息。大量实验表明,LAVIE显著提升多种下游视觉任务性能,为利用冻结的LLM知识增强视觉理解提供了一种高效有效的方法。代码已开源:https://github.com/selimkuzucu/LAVIE
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The integration of Large Language Model (LLM) blocks with Vision Transformers (ViTs) holds significant promise for vision-only tasks by leveraging the rich semantic knowledge and reasoning capabilities of LLMs. However, a fundamental challenge lies in the inherent modality mismatch between the text-centric pre-training of LLMs and the vision-centric training of ViTs. Direct fusion often fails to fully exploit the LLM's potential and suffers from unstable finetuning. Consequently, prior works typically keep LLM blocks frozen while learning only the vision components. To address these challenges, we introduce Language-Adapted Vision Enhancer (LAVIE), a novel framework that bridges this modality gap through a synergistic pre-training strategy. LAVIE co-adapts a ViT backbone and an LLM fusion block by (1) employing Masked Auto-Encoding (MAE) to pre-train the ViT for richer visual representations, and (2) concurrently training Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) layers within the LLM block using the same MAE objective. This joint optimization guides the ViT to produce LLM-aligned features and the LLM to effectively interpret visual information. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that LAVIE significantly improves performance in various downstream vision tasks, offering an effective and efficient way to enhance visual understanding using frozen LLM knowledge. Code is available at https://github.com/selimkuzucu/LAVIE
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