融合物理规律与数据学习,提升无人机在未知风场下的动力学预测能力。
PI-WAN: A Physics-Informed Wind-Adaptive Network for Quadrotor Dynamics Prediction in Unknown Environments
- 用时序卷积网络捕捉飞行历史数据中的时间依赖性。
- 引入物理约束损失函数,显著提升模型在未知条件下的泛化能力。
- 适用于复杂风场中需要高精度轨迹跟踪的无人机系统。
精确的动力学建模对四旋翼无人机在各类应用中实现精准轨迹跟踪至关重要。传统基于物理知识的方法在负载变化、风扰动和外部干扰等未知环境中面临显著局限;而数据驱动方法在处理分布外(OoD)数据时泛化能力差,限制了其在未知场景下的有效性。为此,我们提出物理信息风适应网络(PI-WAN),通过将物理约束嵌入训练过程,融合知识驱动与数据驱动建模,实现鲁棒的四旋翼动力学学习。PI-WAN采用时序卷积网络(TCN)架构,高效捕捉历史飞行数据中的时间依赖性,并设计物理信息损失函数,利用物理原理提升模型在未见条件下的泛化与鲁棒性。结合模型预测控制(MPC)框架,实时利用预测结果优化控制。大量仿真与真实飞行实验表明,该方法在预测精度、轨迹跟踪精度及未知环境鲁棒性方面均优于基线方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate dynamics modeling is essential for quadrotors to achieve precise trajectory tracking in various applications. Traditional physical knowledge-driven modeling methods face substantial limitations in unknown environments characterized by variable payloads, wind disturbances, and external perturbations. On the other hand, data-driven modeling methods suffer from poor generalization when handling out-of-distribution (OoD) data, restricting their effectiveness in unknown scenarios. To address these challenges, we introduce the Physics-Informed Wind-Adaptive Network (PI-WAN), which combines knowledge-driven and data-driven modeling methods by embedding physical constraints directly into the training process for robust quadrotor dynamics learning. Specifically, PI-WAN employs a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) architecture that efficiently captures temporal dependencies from historical flight data, while a physics-informed loss function applies physical principles to improve model generalization and robustness across previously unseen conditions. By incorporating real-time prediction results into a model predictive control (MPC) framework, we achieve improvements in closed-loop tracking performance. Comprehensive simulations and real-world flight experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms baseline methods in terms of prediction accuracy, tracking precision, and robustness to unknown environments.
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