用店内顾客做配送员,动态匹配定价降成本。
Joint Matching and Pricing for Crowd-shipping with In-store Customers
- 结合神经网络与强化学习,动态匹配订单与顾客并实时定价。
- 相比固定定价策略,配送成本最多降低6.7%;比短期策略低18%。
- 支持多目的地配送和灵活延迟,可再降8%~17%运营成本,适合城市物流优化者。
本文研究在中心化众包配送系统中利用实体店顾客作为配送员,以应对城市区域日益增长的末端配送需求。在实体零售场景下,购物者可获报酬完成时效性强的在线订单配送。为管理该过程,提出基于马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)的模型,捕捉订单与配送员随机到达及配送邀约接受概率等关键不确定性。采用神经近似动态规划(NeurADP)实现自适应订单-顾客匹配,结合深度双Q网络(DDQN)进行动态定价。该联合优化策略支持多点配送,并考虑邀约接受不确定性,更贴近实际运营。实验表明,集成的NeurADP + DDQN策略在配送成本效率上显著提升:相比固定定价的NeurADP最高节省6.7%,比贪婪基线节省约18%。此外,允许灵活配送延迟和启用多目的地路由分别使运营成本进一步降低8%和17%。研究结果凸显动态前瞻策略在众包配送中的优势,为城市物流运营商提供实用指导。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper examines the use of in-store customers as delivery couriers in a centralized crowd-shipping system, targeting the growing need for efficient last-mile delivery in urban areas. We consider a brick-and-mortar retail setting where shoppers are offered compensation to deliver time-sensitive online orders. To manage this process, we propose a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model that captures key uncertainties, including the stochastic arrival of orders and crowd-shippers, and the probabilistic acceptance of delivery offers. Our solution approach integrates Neural Approximate Dynamic Programming (NeurADP) for adaptive order-to-shopper assignment with a Deep Double Q-Network (DDQN) for dynamic pricing. This joint optimization strategy enables multi-drop routing and accounts for offer acceptance uncertainty, aligning more closely with real-world operations. Experimental results demonstrate that the integrated NeurADP + DDQN policy achieves notable improvements in delivery cost efficiency, with up to 6.7\% savings over NeurADP with fixed pricing and approximately 18\% over myopic baselines. We also show that allowing flexible delivery delays and enabling multi-destination routing further reduces operational costs by 8\% and 17\%, respectively. These findings underscore the advantages of dynamic, forward-looking policies in crowd-shipping systems and offer practical guidance for urban logistics operators.
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