arXiv:2507.02166cs.SIcs.AI2025-07

用扩散模型生成任意大小的合成图,不依赖节点编号。

Generating Large Semi-Synthetic Graphs of Any Size

  • 基于扩散模型和节点嵌入,摆脱节点ID限制。
  • 生成不同尺寸图时保持结构一致性,聚类倾向更优。
  • 无需重训练即可扩展图规模,适合大规模图生成任务。

图生成是网络科学的重要领域。传统方法聚焦于复现真实图的特定属性,如小直径或幂律度分布。深度学习尤其是图神经网络的进展使数据驱动的方法得以学习并生成图,而无需预设结构特性。然而,现有模型受限于对节点ID的依赖,难以生成超过输入图规模的图,且忽略节点属性。为此,我们提出潜空间图采样生成(LGSG)框架,利用扩散模型与节点嵌入生成任意大小的图,无需重训练。该框架消除对节点ID的依赖,捕捉节点嵌入与子图结构的分布,实现可扩展且灵活的图生成。实验表明,LGSG在标准指标上表现与基线相当,但在聚类倾向等被忽视的指标上更优;同时在不同尺寸图间保持一致的结构特征,展现出鲁棒性与可扩展性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph generation is an important area in network science. Traditional approaches focus on replicating specific properties of real-world graphs, such as small diameters or power-law degree distributions. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly with Graph Neural Networks, have enabled data-driven methods to learn and generate graphs without relying on predefined structural properties. Despite these advances, current models are limited by their reliance on node IDs, which restricts their ability to generate graphs larger than the input graph and ignores node attributes. To address these challenges, we propose Latent Graph Sampling Generation (LGSG), a novel framework that leverages diffusion models and node embeddings to generate graphs of varying sizes without retraining. The framework eliminates the dependency on node IDs and captures the distribution of node embeddings and subgraph structures, enabling scalable and flexible graph generation. Experimental results show that LGSG performs on par with baseline models for standard metrics while outperforming them in overlooked ones, such as the tendency of nodes to form clusters. Additionally, it maintains consistent structural characteristics across graphs of different sizes, demonstrating robustness and scalability.

图生成扩散模型可扩展性

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