arXiv:2507.02171cs.ROcs.AI2025-07被引 1

用自监督RNN模拟生物智能,让机器人自主规划运动轨迹。

Towards Bio-Inspired Robotic Trajectory Planning via Self-Supervised RNN

  • 基于循环神经网络设计自监督学习框架,无需人工标注轨迹。
  • 仅凭正逆运动学模型即可学会生成有效运动路径。
  • 适合需要动态适应的复杂操作任务,对算法效率有提升。

机器人轨迹规划旨在生成一系列关节配置,使机械臂从初始状态到达目标状态,完成操作任务并满足运动学与环境约束。传统方法依赖采样规划,计算成本高。近期研究显示,可通过监督序列学习直接生成轨迹,仅需一次或固定次数的神经网络推理,实现确定性计算时间。然而这类方法本质为模仿学习,不关注轨迹是否成功达目标,而是复制观测到的轨迹。本文提出一种受认知启发的自监督学习方案,基于循环神经网络构建轨迹模型。在机械臂运动学规划任务上评估表明,该模型仅使用配对的正向与逆向运动学模型,即可学会生成有效轨迹,证明该方法有望支持更复杂、需自适应解的操纵任务规划。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Trajectory planning in robotics is understood as generating a sequence of joint configurations that will lead a robotic agent, or its manipulator, from an initial state to the desired final state, thus completing a manipulation task while considering constraints like robot kinematics and the environment. Typically, this is achieved via sampling-based planners, which are computationally intensive. Recent advances demonstrate that trajectory planning can also be performed by supervised sequence learning of trajectories, often requiring only a single or fixed number of passes through a neural architecture, thus ensuring a bounded computation time. Such fully supervised approaches, however, perform imitation learning; they do not learn based on whether the trajectories can successfully reach a goal, but try to reproduce observed trajectories. In our work, we build on this approach and propose a cognitively inspired self-supervised learning scheme based on a recurrent architecture for building a trajectory model. We evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method on a task of kinematic planning for a robotic arm. The results suggest that the model is able to learn to generate trajectories only using given paired forward and inverse kinematics models, and indicate that this novel method could facilitate planning for more complex manipulation tasks requiring adaptive solutions.

轨迹规划自监督机器人

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