arXiv:2507.02244cs.LGcs.AI2025-07

用强化学习动态调补贴,抢订单又不超预算。

Order Acquisition Under Competitive Pressure: A Rapidly Adaptive Reinforcement Learning Approach for Ride-Hailing Subsidy Strategies

  • 设计快速响应竞品降价的强化学习框架,实时调整补贴策略。
  • 在预算约束下,订单获取量比基线方法平均提升23.6%。
  • 适合网约车平台运营者,尤其关注成本与订单平衡的团队。

网约车平台的普及为服务提供商带来了订单量和商品交易总额(GMV)的增长机遇。在多数平台上,低价服务提供者排名更高,更易被乘客选择。这种竞争排名机制促使服务提供商采用优惠券策略降低价格以获取更多订单,而订单量直接关系其长期生存能力。因此,在预算限制下动态适应市场波动并优化订单获取,是关键的研究挑战。现有研究仍十分有限。为此,我们提出FCA-RL框架,结合快速竞争适应(FCA)与受强化拉格朗日调整(RLA)技术,实现对竞品价格变动的快速响应,并在新价格环境下优化补贴决策。此外,我们构建了首个专用于网约车平台的仿真环境RideGym,支持无损评估不同定价策略。实验表明,该方法在多种市场条件下均显著优于基线,验证了其在补贴优化中的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The proliferation of ride-hailing aggregator platforms presents significant growth opportunities for ride-service providers by increasing order volume and gross merchandise value (GMV). On most ride-hailing aggregator platforms, service providers that offer lower fares are ranked higher in listings and, consequently, are more likely to be selected by passengers. This competitive ranking mechanism creates a strong incentive for service providers to adopt coupon strategies that lower prices to secure a greater number of orders, as order volume directly influences their long-term viability and sustainability. Thus, designing an effective coupon strategy that can dynamically adapt to market fluctuations while optimizing order acquisition under budget constraints is a critical research challenge. However, existing studies in this area remain scarce. To bridge this gap, we propose FCA-RL, a novel reinforcement learning-based subsidy strategy framework designed to rapidly adapt to competitors' pricing adjustments. Our approach integrates two key techniques: Fast Competition Adaptation (FCA), which enables swift responses to dynamic price changes, and Reinforced Lagrangian Adjustment (RLA), which ensures adherence to budget constraints while optimizing coupon decisions on new price landscape. Furthermore, we introduce RideGym, the first dedicated simulation environment tailored for ride-hailing aggregators, facilitating comprehensive evaluation and benchmarking of different pricing strategies without compromising real-world operational efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method consistently outperforms baseline approaches across diverse market conditions, highlighting its effectiveness in subsidy optimization for ride-hailing service providers.

强化学习网约车补贴策略动态定价

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