提出安全可控的共享控制方法,兼顾用户意图与非凸约束下的实时安全性。
Minimal Intervention Shared Control with Guaranteed Safety under Non-Convex Constraints
- 基于鲁棒不变集与混合整数规划,实现在线控制与约束严格满足。
- 66人实验显示任务负荷降低、信任感提升,性能与安全双优。
- 适用于真实机器人场景,抗扰动且碰撞零发生,适合高安全需求应用。
共享控制融合人类意图与自主决策。底层目标是在任何用户输入下保持系统安全。然而,现有基于模型预测控制、控制屏障函数或学习控制的方法常面临可行性差、可扩展性弱及混合约束处理难的问题。为此,本文提出一种约束感知辅助控制器,在线计算控制动作,确保递归可行性、严格满足约束,并最小化对用户意图的偏离。该方法支持现实场景中常见的非凸约束结构。通过鲁棒可控不变集保障递归可行性,采用混合整数二次规划处理非凸约束。我们在模拟环境中开展大规模用户研究(66名参与者),评估任务负荷、信任度与主观控制感,同时考察性能表现。结果表明,所有指标均持续提升,且不牺牲安全性和用户意图。此外,真实机器人机械臂实验验证了该框架在有界扰动下的适用性,确保安全无碰撞运行。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Shared control combines human intention with autonomous decision-making. At the low level, the primary goal is to maintain safety regardless of the user's input to the system. However, existing shared control methods-based on, e.g., Model Predictive Control, Control Barrier Functions, or learning-based control-often face challenges with feasibility, scalability, and mixed constraints. To address these challenges, we propose a Constraint-Aware Assistive Controller that computes control actions online while ensuring recursive feasibility, strict constraint satisfaction, and minimal deviation from the user's intent. It also accommodates a structured class of non-convex constraints common in real-world settings. We leverage Robust Controlled Invariant Sets for recursive feasibility and a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming formulation to handle non-convex constraints. We validate the approach through a large-scale user study with 66 participants-one of the most extensive in shared control research-using a simulated environment to assess task load, trust, and perceived control, in addition to performance. The results show consistent improvements across all these aspects without compromising safety and user intent. Additionally, a real-world experiment on a robotic manipulator demonstrates the framework's applicability under bounded disturbances, ensuring safety and collision-free operation.
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