arXiv:2507.02690cs.SEcs.LG2025-07被引 1

用强化学习动态构建异构图,精准预测服务流程下一步动作。

RLHGNN: Reinforcement Learning-driven Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Next Activity Prediction in Business Processes

  • 基于过程挖掘理论构建三类边的异构图,支持灵活组合。
  • 在六大数据集上超越现有方法,单次预测延迟仅1毫秒。
  • 适合实时监控复杂业务流程的场景,兼顾精度与效率。

下一活动预测是优化微服务、分布式企业系统及云原生平台等面向服务架构中业务流程的核心挑战,有助于实现资源的主动分配和动态服务组合。尽管序列方法广泛应用,但难以捕捉并行执行和条件依赖带来的非序列关系。尽管图方法能保留结构,却受限于同质表示和静态结构,对不同复杂度的流程采用统一建模策略。为此,我们提出RLHGNN,将事件日志转化为包含三类边的异构流程图,基于过程挖掘理论构建。通过选择性组合这些边,生成四种灵活的图结构以适应不同流程复杂度,并利用强化学习(建模为马尔可夫决策过程)自动为每个流程实例选择最优图结构。随后,采用具有关系特异性聚合策略的异构图卷积进行下一活动预测。该自适应方法可精确建模服务交互中的序列与非序列关系。在六个真实世界数据集上的综合评估表明,RLHGNN持续优于当前最佳方法,且每次预测推理延迟约为1毫秒,是一种适用于实时业务流程监控的实用解决方案。源代码已公开于https://github.com/Joker3993/RLHGNN。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Next activity prediction represents a fundamental challenge for optimizing business processes in service-oriented architectures such as microservices environments, distributed enterprise systems, and cloud-native platforms, which enables proactive resource allocation and dynamic service composition. Despite the prevalence of sequence-based methods, these approaches fail to capture non-sequential relationships that arise from parallel executions and conditional dependencies. Even though graph-based approaches address structural preservation, they suffer from homogeneous representations and static structures that apply uniform modeling strategies regardless of individual process complexity characteristics. To address these limitations, we introduce RLHGNN, a novel framework that transforms event logs into heterogeneous process graphs with three distinct edge types grounded in established process mining theory. Our approach creates four flexible graph structures by selectively combining these edges to accommodate different process complexities, and employs reinforcement learning formulated as a Markov Decision Process to automatically determine the optimal graph structure for each specific process instance. RLHGNN then applies heterogeneous graph convolution with relation-specific aggregation strategies to effectively predict the next activity. This adaptive methodology enables precise modeling of both sequential and non-sequential relationships in service interactions. Comprehensive evaluation on six real-world datasets demonstrates that RLHGNN consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, it maintains an inference latency of approximately 1 ms per prediction, representing a highly practical solution suitable for real-time business process monitoring applications. The source code is available at https://github.com/Joker3993/RLHGNN.

流程预测图神经网络强化学习实时系统

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