用大模型搭建药物研发模块化智能体,自动完成分子设计与筛选。
Large Language Model Agent for Modular Task Execution in Drug Discovery
- 基于大模型与领域工具协同,实现从数据检索到分子生成的全流程自动化。
- 两轮优化后,高类药性分子比例从34%升至55%,符合吉索滤子的分子数从32增至55。
- 支持多属性预测与三维结构生成,适合生物医药AI研发团队使用。
我们提出一种由大语言模型驱动的模块化框架,自动化并简化早期计算药物发现流程中的关键任务。该框架结合大模型推理与领域专用工具,完成生物医学数据检索、基于文献的问答(通过检索增强生成)、分子生成、多属性预测、性质导向的分子优化以及三维蛋白-配体结构生成。智能体自主检索相关生物分子信息,包括FASTA序列、SMILES表示和文献,并在机制性问题回答上相较标准大模型展现出更高的上下文准确性。随后生成化学多样性高的初始分子,并预测75种性质,涵盖ADMET相关及一般理化参数,指导迭代优化。经过两轮优化,QED > 0.6的分子数量从34增至55;在100个分子的池中,符合吉索滤子的比例从32提升至55。框架还采用Boltz-2生成三维蛋白-配体复合物,并快速估算候选化合物的结合亲和力。结果表明,该方法有效支持分子筛选、优先级排序与结构评估。其模块化设计可灵活集成不断演进的工具与模型,为人工智能辅助治疗发现提供可扩展基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present a modular framework powered by large language models (LLMs) that automates and streamlines key tasks across the early-stage computational drug discovery pipeline. By combining LLM reasoning with domain-specific tools, the framework performs biomedical data retrieval, literature-grounded question answering via retrieval-augmented generation, molecular generation, multi-property prediction, property-aware molecular refinement, and 3D protein-ligand structure generation. The agent autonomously retrieved relevant biomolecular information, including FASTA sequences, SMILES representations, and literature, and answered mechanistic questions with improved contextual accuracy compared to standard LLMs. It then generated chemically diverse seed molecules and predicted 75 properties, including ADMET-related and general physicochemical descriptors, which guided iterative molecular refinement. Across two refinement rounds, the number of molecules with QED > 0.6 increased from 34 to 55. The number of molecules satisfying empirical drug-likeness filters also rose; for example, compliance with the Ghose filter increased from 32 to 55 within a pool of 100 molecules. The framework also employed Boltz-2 to generate 3D protein-ligand complexes and provide rapid binding affinity estimates for candidate compounds. These results demonstrate that the approach effectively supports molecular screening, prioritization, and structure evaluation. Its modular design enables flexible integration of evolving tools and models, providing a scalable foundation for AI-assisted therapeutic discovery.
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