用跨模型视角蒸馏压缩BERT至1.91MB,适配移动端实时推荐。
Put Teacher in Student's Shoes: Cross-Distillation for Ultra-compact Model Compression Framework
- 让教师理解学生视角,通过参数融合实现高效知识迁移。
- 生成仅1.91MB的超紧凑BERT模型,为目前最小NLU模型。
- 已在支付宝日活840万设备上部署,显著提升推荐性能。
在移动计算时代,将高效自然语言处理模型部署于资源受限的边缘环境面临严峻挑战,尤其在要求严格隐私合规、实时响应及多任务支持的场景下。这催生了对超紧凑模型的迫切需求——在严苛内存约束下仍能保持强大泛化能力。为此,我们提出边缘轻量级BERT框架(EI-BERT),采用创新的跨蒸馏方法,构建包含硬令牌剪枝、跨蒸馏与参数量化在内的完整压缩流程。该方法独特地使教师模型从学生模型的视角出发,通过参数整合与双向互动实现高效知识传递。大量实验表明,我们实现了仅1.91MB的超紧凑基于BERT的模型,是当前自然语言理解任务中最小的模型。该模型已成功应用于支付宝生态多个场景,例如自2024年1月起集成至支付宝实时边缘推荐系统,目前服务于每日840万活跃设备的推荐流量。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In the era of mobile computing, deploying efficient Natural Language Processing (NLP) models in resource-restricted edge settings presents significant challenges, particularly in environments requiring strict privacy compliance, real-time responsiveness, and diverse multi-tasking capabilities. These challenges create a fundamental need for ultra-compact models that maintain strong performance across various NLP tasks while adhering to stringent memory constraints. To this end, we introduce Edge ultra-lIte BERT framework (EI-BERT) with a novel cross-distillation method. EI-BERT efficiently compresses models through a comprehensive pipeline including hard token pruning, cross-distillation and parameter quantization. Specifically, the cross-distillation method uniquely positions the teacher model to understand the student model's perspective, ensuring efficient knowledge transfer through parameter integration and the mutual interplay between models. Through extensive experiments, we achieve a remarkably compact BERT-based model of only 1.91 MB - the smallest to date for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. This ultra-compact model has been successfully deployed across multiple scenarios within the Alipay ecosystem, demonstrating significant improvements in real-world applications. For example, it has been integrated into Alipay's live Edge Recommendation system since January 2024, currently serving the app's recommendation traffic across \textbf{8.4 million daily active devices}.
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