提出智能车新范式,让汽车不仅能自主驾驶,还能主动理解人类需求。
Agentic Vehicles for Human-Centered Mobility: Definition, Prospects, and Synergistic Co-Development with Vehicle Autonomy
- 用'代理性'替代'自主性',强调车辆的意图理解与主动决策能力
- 区分任务执行(自治)与目标驱动(代理),构建双维协同框架
- 适合研究人机共驾、智能交通系统设计的学者与工程师
自动驾驶(AuVs)指车辆在无外部干预下根据内部规则运行,符合SAE自动驾驶等级标准。然而,近年研究与应用显示,车辆已具备超越传统自主性的能力:如模糊目标处理、主动社交互动、使用外部工具、主动解决问题、持续学习及在未知和伦理敏感情境中的情境化推理,部分得益于多模态语言模型。这些能力揭示了技术自主性与实现以人为本出行所需的更广泛社会认知功能之间的差距。因此,我们引入'代理型车辆'(AgVs),主张自治与代理是概念上独立但可协同发展的两个维度:自治关注‘做什么’和‘如何做’(基于内部规则的任务执行),而代理关注‘为何做’和‘还能做什么’(目标导向、适应性行为)。本文将二者视为正交但协同的维度,指出车辆代理标志着移动服务智能化的新维度,预示车辆将成为社会中有目的性的行动者。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomy, from the Greek autos (self) and nomos (law), refers to the capacity to operate according to internal rules without external control. Autonomous vehicles (AuVs) are therefore understood as vehicular systems that perceive their environment and execute tasks with minimal human intervention, consistent with the direction indicated by the SAE levels of automated driving. However, recent research and deployments increasingly showcase vehicular capabilities that, while not contradicting autonomy, are not entailed by it, including ambiguous goal handling, purposeful social engagement, external tool use, proactive problem solving, continuous learning, and context-sensitive reasoning in unseen and ethically salient situations, enabled in part by multimodal language models. These developments reveal a gap between technical autonomy and the broader social cognitive functions required for human-centered mobility, which are more precisely captured by the notion of agency. Therefore, rather than adding increasingly elaborate modifiers to "autonomous," we introduce agentic vehicles (AgVs) and suggest that autonomy and agency are intertwined but conceptually distinct: if autonomy concerns what to do and how to do it (task executions under internal rules), agency pertains to why to do it and what else can be done (goal-directed, adaptive actions). We present autonomy and agency as orthogonal yet synergistic dimensions with co-development implications. Vehicle agency marks a novel dimension of mobility service intelligence, heralding vehicles as purposeful actors in society.
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