用先验引导和小波融合,50步就完成高精度受限角度CT重建。
PWD: Prior-Guided and Wavelet-Enhanced Diffusion Model for Limited-Angle CT
- 引入先验信息与小波域多尺度特征融合,指导采样路径
- 仅用50步即达PSNR提升1.7dB、SSIM增10%的性能
- 适合医疗影像快速重建,尤其适用于牙科CBCT场景
生成式扩散模型在受限角度计算机断层成像(LACT)中备受关注。标准扩散模型虽能实现高质量图像重建,但推理需大量采样步骤,计算开销大。尽管跳步采样策略可提升效率,却常导致细部结构丢失。为此,本文提出一种先验引导与小波增强的快速采样扩散模型PWD,用于提升LACT重建效率与保真度。训练阶段,PWD将受限角度图像分布映射至全采样目标图像分布,学习二者间的结构对应关系;推理时,利用原始LACT图像作为显式先验,引导采样轨迹,实现少步高质量重建。同时,模型在小波域进行多尺度特征融合,有效结合低频与高频信息以增强细节恢复。在临床牙弓CBCT与根尖周数据集上的定量与定性评估表明,相同采样条件下PWD优于现有方法:仅使用50步采样,即可实现至少1.7 dB的PSNR提升和10%的SSIM增益。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative diffusion models have received increasing attention in medical imaging, particularly in limited-angle computed tomography (LACT). Standard diffusion models achieve high-quality image reconstruction but require a large number of sampling steps during inference, resulting in substantial computational overhead. Although skip-sampling strategies have been proposed to improve efficiency, they often lead to loss of fine structural details. To address this issue, we propose a prior information embedding and wavelet feature fusion fast sampling diffusion model for LACT reconstruction. The PWD enables efficient sampling while preserving reconstruction fidelity in LACT, and effectively mitigates the degradation typically introduced by skip-sampling. Specifically, during the training phase, PWD maps the distribution of LACT images to that of fully sampled target images, enabling the model to learn structural correspondences between them. During inference, the LACT image serves as an explicit prior to guide the sampling trajectory, allowing for high-quality reconstruction with significantly fewer steps. In addition, PWD performs multi-scale feature fusion in the wavelet domain, effectively enhancing the reconstruction of fine details by leveraging both low-frequency and high-frequency information. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations on clinical dental arch CBCT and periapical datasets demonstrate that PWD outperforms existing methods under the same sampling condition. Using only 50 sampling steps, PWD achieves at least 1.7 dB improvement in PSNR and 10% gain in SSIM.
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