arXiv:2507.06543cs.CV2025-07NeurIPS被引 2

用一个压缩令牌捕捉动态场景,高效预测后续变化。

Token Bottleneck: One Token to Remember Dynamics

  • 将场景压缩成单一令牌,再用少量提示重建后续画面。
  • 在视频标签传播和机器人操控任务中显著优于基线方法。
  • 适合需要高效时序理解的视觉系统,如机器人感知。

从动态场景中提取紧凑且具有时间感知能力的视觉表征,对实现序列场景理解任务(如视觉跟踪和机器人操作)至关重要。本文提出Token Bottleneck(ToBo),一种简单而直观的自监督学习流程:将场景压缩为一个瓶颈令牌,并利用少量目标图像块作为提示,预测后续场景。该流程通过在压缩阶段将参考场景保守编码为紧凑的瓶颈令牌,促进模型学习序列表征。在重建阶段,通过使用瓶颈令牌和少量目标图像块作为提示来预测目标场景,引导模型捕捉时间动态,从而增强对跨场景动态变化的理解。大量实验表明,ToBo在多种序列任务中均优于基线方法,包括视频标签传播和模拟环境中的机器人操控。进一步在真实物理机器人上部署预训练模型,验证了其在现实环境中的鲁棒性与有效性。我们还验证了ToBo在不同模型规模下的可扩展性。代码已开源:https://github.com/naver-ai/tobo。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deriving compact and temporally aware visual representations from dynamic scenes is essential for successful execution of sequential scene understanding tasks such as visual tracking and robotic manipulation. In this paper, we introduce Token Bottleneck (ToBo), a simple yet intuitive self-supervised learning pipeline that squeezes a scene into a bottleneck token and predicts the subsequent scene using minimal patches as hints. The ToBo pipeline facilitates the learning of sequential scene representations by conservatively encoding the reference scene into a compact bottleneck token during the squeeze step. In the reconstruction step, we guide the model to capture temporal dynamics by predicting the target scene using the bottleneck token along with few target patches as hints. This design encourages the vision backbone to embed temporal dependencies, thereby enabling understanding of dynamic transitions across scenes. Extensive experiments in diverse sequential tasks, including video label propagation and robot manipulation in simulated environments demonstrate the superiority of \ours~over baselines. Moreover, deploying our pre-trained model on physical robots confirms its robustness and effectiveness in real-world environments. We further validate the scalability of ToBo across different model scales. Code is available at https://github.com/naver-ai/tobo.

自监督时序建模视觉表征

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