LLM代理可被利用实现系统级入侵,94%模型易受指令注入攻击。
The Dark Side of LLMs: Agent-based Attack Vectors for System-level Compromise
- 利用代理间的信任关系,诱使LLM自动执行恶意代码
- 18个主流模型中94.4%易受直接指令注入,83.3%易遭隐蔽后门攻击
- 多代理系统内,所有模型均可通过同行诱导被攻陷
大型语言模型(LLM)代理与多代理系统的广泛应用带来了自然语言处理与生成的强大能力,但也引入了超越传统内容生成范畴的系统级安全漏洞。本文全面评估了以LLM作为推理引擎的自主代理的安全性,揭示其可被用作攻击向量,实现对计算机系统的接管。研究聚焦于不同攻击面与信任边界如何被协同利用以达成系统接管。实验表明,攻击者可有效诱使主流LLM在受害者机器上自主安装并执行恶意软件。对18个最先进的LLM进行评估发现,94.4%的模型易受直接提示注入攻击,83.3%易受更隐蔽且具逃避性的RAG后门攻击。特别地,在多代理系统内部信任边界测试中发现,即使某些模型能抵御直接注入或RAG后门攻击,当受到同侪代理请求时仍会执行相同恶意载荷。结果显示,100.0%的测试模型可通过代理间信任滥用攻击被攻陷,且每种模型均表现出依赖上下文的安全行为,形成可被利用的盲区。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond traditional content generation to system-level compromises. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the LLMs security used as reasoning engines within autonomous agents, highlighting how they can be exploited as attack vectors capable of achieving computer takeovers. We focus on how different attack surfaces and trust boundaries can be leveraged to orchestrate such takeovers. We demonstrate that adversaries can effectively coerce popular LLMs into autonomously installing and executing malware on victim machines. Our evaluation of 18 state-of-the-art LLMs reveals that 94.4% of models succumb to Direct Prompt Injection, and 83.3% are vulnerable to the more stealthy and evasive RAG Backdoor Attack. Notably, we tested trust boundaries within multi-agent systems, where LLM agents interact and influence each other, and we revealed that LLMs which successfully resist direct injection or RAG backdoor attacks will execute identical payloads when requested by peer agents. We found that 100.0% of tested LLMs can be compromised through Inter-Agent Trust Exploitation attacks, and that every model exhibits context-dependent security behaviors that create exploitable blind spots.
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