用注意力机制融合多个预训练模型,提升强化学习的状态表征能力。
Combining Pre-Trained Models for Enhanced Feature Representation in Reinforcement Learning
- 设计权重共享注意力模块,联合多模型嵌入生成增强状态表示。
- 在多个Atari游戏上性能接近端到端模型,且计算更高效。
- 验证了多模型融合的泛化性,适合资源受限下的强化学习应用。
近年来,预训练模型在自然语言处理和计算机视觉等领域推动了诸多进展,因其能学习到具有洞察力的潜在嵌入。然而,强化学习(RL)中的智能体通常缺乏先验知识,要么从零开始学习观测与动作之间的映射,要么依赖庞大且计算昂贵的基础模型。如何有效融合多个预训练模型的隐含信息以增强强化学习的表征能力,仍是未被充分研究的问题。本文提出权重共享注意力(WSA)架构,通过联合多个预训练模型的嵌入,构建更丰富的状态表示,在效率与性能间取得平衡。我们在多个Atari游戏中进行了广泛对比,结果显示WSA在性能上可媲美端到端模型。此外,我们还研究了该方法的泛化能力,并分析了增加模型数量对训练中及训练后智能体表现的影响。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The recent focus and release of pre-trained models have been a key components to several advancements in many fields (e.g. Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision), as a matter of fact, pre-trained models learn disparate latent embeddings sharing insightful representations. On the other hand, Reinforcement Learning (RL) focuses on maximizing the cumulative reward obtained via agent's interaction with the environment. RL agents do not have any prior knowledge about the world, and they either learn from scratch an end-to-end mapping between the observation and action spaces or, in more recent works, are paired with monolithic and computationally expensive Foundational Models. How to effectively combine and leverage the hidden information of different pre-trained models simultaneously in RL is still an open and understudied question. In this work, we propose Weight Sharing Attention (WSA), a new architecture to combine embeddings of multiple pre-trained models to shape an enriched state representation, balancing the tradeoff between efficiency and performance. We run an extensive comparison between several combination modes showing that WSA obtains comparable performance on multiple Atari games compared to end-to-end models. Furthermore, we study the generalization capabilities of this approach and analyze how scaling the number of models influences agents' performance during and after training.
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