多组分系统结构复杂度远超各部分之和，揭示了新层次的组织复杂性。
Way More Than the Sum of Their Parts: From Statistical to Structural Mixtures
- 提出结构混合新范式，超越传统统计混合视角
- 发现多组分系统可产生无限复杂的层级结构
- 适用于研究复杂系统、非平衡态物理与自组织现象
我们证明，由多组分系统构成的混合物通常具有远超其组成部分总和的结构复杂性；在某些情况下，其复杂性甚至趋于无穷。这与更常见的统计混合概念形成对比，揭示了统计混合忽略了涌现的层级组织特征。由此，我们识别出多组分系统中固有的新型结构复杂性，并推导出其对系统遍历性（ergodicity）的广泛影响。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We show that mixtures comprised of multicomponent systems typically are much more structurally complex than the sum of their parts; sometimes, infinitely more complex. We contrast this with the more familiar notion of statistical mixtures, demonstrating how statistical mixtures miss key aspects of emergent hierarchical organization. This leads us to identify a new kind of structural complexity inherent in multicomponent systems and to draw out broad consequences for system ergodicity.
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