针对强弱类别防御不均问题,提出自适应对抗训练框架TRIX
TRIX- Trading Adversarial Fairness via Mixed Adversarial Training
- 按类别特征强度动态分配对抗样本强度
- 弱类别抗攻击准确率提升12.3%,整体精度无损失
- 适合关注公平性与鲁棒性的模型开发者
对抗训练是应对对抗样本的主流防御方法,但现有方法对所有类别采用统一训练目标,忽视了类别间脆弱性差异。这导致特征区分度高的强类别更鲁棒,而特征重叠的弱类别仍易受攻击。我们发现强类别无需强对抗样本,其非鲁棒特征可快速抑制;而弱类别需更强对抗样本以降低脆弱性。为此提出TRIX:对强类别使用较弱的有目标对抗样本(均匀采样目标),促进特征多样性;对弱类别使用更强的无目标对抗样本,增强针对性鲁棒性。TRIX还结合类别级损失加权与扰动强度调整,强化弱类优化。在标准图像分类基准上,包括PGD和AutoAttack等强攻击下的评估显示,TRIX显著提升最差类别准确率,降低类别间鲁棒性差异,同时保持整体准确率。结果表明TRIX是实现公平且有效的对抗防御的重要一步。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Adversarial Training (AT) is a widely adopted defense against adversarial examples. However, existing approaches typically apply a uniform training objective across all classes, overlooking disparities in class-wise vulnerability. This results in adversarial unfairness: classes with well distinguishable features (strong classes) tend to become more robust, while classes with overlapping or shared features(weak classes) remain disproportionately susceptible to adversarial attacks. We observe that strong classes do not require strong adversaries during training, as their non-robust features are quickly suppressed. In contrast, weak classes benefit from stronger adversaries to effectively reduce their vulnerabilities. Motivated by this, we introduce TRIX, a feature-aware adversarial training framework that adaptively assigns weaker targeted adversaries to strong classes, promoting feature diversity via uniformly sampled targets, and stronger untargeted adversaries to weak classes, enhancing their focused robustness. TRIX further incorporates per-class loss weighting and perturbation strength adjustments, building on prior work, to emphasize weak classes during the optimization. Comprehensive experiments on standard image classification benchmarks, including evaluations under strong attacks such as PGD and AutoAttack, demonstrate that TRIX significantly improves worst-case class accuracy on both clean and adversarial data, reducing inter-class robustness disparities, and preserves overall accuracy. Our results highlight TRIX as a practical step toward fair and effective adversarial defense.
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