arXiv:2507.08214eess.IVcs.CV2025-07中稿 · IEEE BIBM 2025

首次实现颅内颈动脉钙化分段定量,精准定位关键解剖点。

Depth-Sequence Transformer (DST) for Segment-Specific ICA Calcification Mapping on Non-Contrast CT

  • 将3D CT处理转化为沿轴向的并行概率定位任务,用深度序列变压器逐片建模
  • 在100例临床数据上误差仅0.1切片,96%预测在±1切片内
  • 可直接用于分段钙化分析,适合脑卒中风险评估与手术规划

尽管颅内颈动脉钙化(ICAC)总体积是公认的脑卒中生物标志物,但越来越多证据表明,该聚合指标忽略了斑块位置的关键影响,因为不同节段的钙化具有不同的预后和手术风险。然而,精细的分段量化仍难以实现。传统3D模型被迫处理下采样体积或孤立切片,牺牲了全局上下文,无法准确解析解剖歧义和可靠定位关键点。为此,我们重新将3D挑战建模为沿1D轴向的并行概率地标定位任务。提出深度序列变压器(DST),将全分辨率CT体积作为2D切片序列处理,学习预测N=6个独立的概率分布以精确定位关键解剖标志。DST框架表现出卓越精度与鲁棒性。在包含100名患者的临床队列上进行严格5折交叉验证,平均绝对误差(MAE)达0.1切片,96%的预测落在±1切片容差范围内。此外,为验证其架构能力,DST主干在公开的Clean-CC-CCII分类基准上,于端到端评估协议下取得最优结果。本工作首次提供了自动化分段式ICAC分析的实用工具,为位置特异性生物标志物在诊断、预后及手术规划中的作用研究奠定了基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While total intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) volume is an established stroke biomarker, growing evidence shows this aggregate metric ignores the critical influence of plaque location, since calcification in different segments carries distinct prognostic and procedural risks. However, a finer-grained, segment-specific quantification has remained technically infeasible. Conventional 3D models are forced to process downsampled volumes or isolated patches, sacrificing the global context required to resolve anatomical ambiguity and render reliable landmark localization. To overcome this, we reformulate the 3D challenge as a \textbf{Parallel Probabilistic Landmark Localization} task along the 1D axial dimension. We propose the \textbf{Depth-Sequence Transformer (DST)}, a framework that processes full-resolution CT volumes as sequences of 2D slices, learning to predict $N=6$ independent probability distributions that pinpoint key anatomical landmarks. Our DST framework demonstrates exceptional accuracy and robustness. Evaluated on a 100-patient clinical cohort with rigorous 5-fold cross-validation, it achieves a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of \textbf{0.1 slices}, with \textbf{96\%} of predictions falling within a $\pm1$ slice tolerance. Furthermore, to validate its architectural power, the DST backbone establishes the best result on the public Clean-CC-CCII classification benchmark under an end-to-end evaluation protocol. Our work delivers the first practical tool for automated segment-specific ICAC analysis. The proposed framework provides a foundation for further studies on the role of location-specific biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and procedural planning.

医学影像钙化检测分割定位深度学习

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