构建统一仿真引擎,精准对齐6G多模态数据,缩小模拟与现实差距。
Great X: A Unified Multi-Modal Simulator Bridging the Sim2Real Gap for 6G
- 基于虚幻引擎的单引擎架构,实现射频与视觉在像素级一致
- 生成超三百万组同步数据,覆盖城市乡村、昼夜及多种无人机轨迹
- 仿真结果逼近实测,支持零样本与微调场景下的无线定位与信道反馈
大规模、高精度同步的多模态数据集对数据驱动的第六代移动通信(6G)研究至关重要,但真实世界采集成本高昂且困难。现有跨平台仿真器常存在时序错位、模态支持有限和场景材质建模简化等问题,导致保真度下降并扩大仿真到现实(Sim2Real)的差距。我们提出 Great-X,一个基于 Unreal Engine 构建的统一单引擎仿真器。Great-X 将原生光线追踪与共位置的视觉与电磁材料属性结合于共享三维网格上,实现射频与视觉输出在像素级的一致性。通过确定性的固定步长时钟与同步缓冲机制,实现 CSI、RGB、深度、LiDAR、雷达与事件数据的帧级精确对齐。基于此框架,我们构建了 Great-MCD,包含超过三百万组跨城市与乡村环境、昼夜条件、多种无人机类型及多样化轨迹的同步样本。实验表明,Great-X 生成的信道冲激响应与实测数据高度一致,并能提供可迁移的数据用于无线定位与信道状态信息(CSI)反馈,在零样本与微调设置下均优于现有仿真器及实测数据基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large-scale, precisely synchronized multi-modal datasets are critical for data-driven sixth-generation (6G) wireless research, yet real-world collection remains costly and difficult. Existing multi-platform simulators often suffer from timing misalignment, limited modality support, and simplified scene and material modeling, which reduce fidelity and enlarge the simulation-to-reality (Sim2Real) gap. We propose Great-X, a unified single-engine simulator implemented in Unreal Engine. Great-X integrates native ray tracing with co-located visual and electromagnetic material properties on shared 3D meshes, enabling pixel-level consistency between radio and visual outputs. A deterministic fixed-step clock and synchronous buffering provide frame-accurate alignment across CSI, RGB, depth, LiDAR, radar, and event data. Based on this framework, we construct Great-MCD, containing over three million synchronized samples across urban and rural environments, day and night conditions, multiple UAV types, and diverse trajectories. Experiments show that Great-X generates channel impulse responses consistent with real measurements and provides transferable data for wireless positioning and CSI feedback, outperforming existing simulators and measured-data baselines in both zero-shot and fine-tuned settings.
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