提出多层级策略应对欧盟新规下的深度伪造内容监管难题
A Multi-Level Strategy for Deepfake Content Moderation under EU Regulation
- 融合标记、检测与标签技术，构建分层应对机制
- 通过评分系统实现海量内容的可扩展监管
- 适配不同伪造类型，支持按场景调整风险权重
深度伪造技术的普及加剧了对民主社会的威胁，尤其在在线平台的政治传播中。欧盟已出台AI系统及平台的透明度义务，要求生成时标记深度伪造内容，分享时进行标注。然而行业标准与执法规范缺失带来持续挑战。本文通过多源文献综述，总结现有标记、检测与标注方法，并评估其在欧盟法规下的有效性。结果表明，单一方法难以满足法规与实践需求。为此，我们提出一种多层级策略，整合现有方法优势。该策略通过简单评分机制实现大规模内容监管的可扩展性与实用性，对深度伪造技术类型无偏好，支持根据不同情境设定风险权重。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The growing availability and use of deepfake technologies increases risks for democratic societies, e.g., for political communication on online platforms. The EU has responded with transparency obligations for providers and deployers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and online platforms. This includes marking deepfakes during generation and labeling deepfakes when they are shared. However, the lack of industry and enforcement standards poses an ongoing challenge. Through a multivocal literature review, we summarize methods for marking, detecting, and labeling deepfakes and assess their effectiveness under EU regulation. Our results indicate that individual methods fail to meet regulatory and practical requirements. Therefore, we propose a multi-level strategy combining the strengths of existing methods. To account for the masses of content on online platforms, our multi-level strategy provides scalability and practicality via a simple scoring mechanism. At the same time, it is agnostic to types of deepfake technology and allows for context-specific risk weighting.
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