arXiv:2507.09177cs.LGcs.AI2025-07ICML被引 11

用在线世界模型规划,让智能体持续学习不遗忘。

Continual Reinforcement Learning by Planning with Online World Models

  • 用在线浅层模型捕捉环境动态,实时规划动作。
  • 在连续任务中保持旧技能,优于深度模型加记忆增强方法。
  • 适合需要长期适应新任务的强化学习场景。

持续强化学习(CRL)指智能体需不断通过试错解决顺序出现的多个任务。主要挑战是学习新任务时遗忘旧任务,即灾难性遗忘。本文提出基于在线世界模型的规划方法:在线学习一个随时间更新的浅层模型以捕捉环境动态,并利用模型预测控制来应对任意奖励函数定义的任务。该在线模型因设计机制天然免疫遗忘,在温和假设下具有$/mathcal{O}( ext{sqrt}(K^2D ext{log}(T)))$的累积遗憾上界。规划仅依赖最新模型,形成增量更新的FTL在线代理(OA)。为评估其性能,我们构建了专用于CRL的测试环境Continual Bench,与多种强基线在相同算法框架下对比。实验表明,OA能持续学习新任务且不遗忘旧技能,显著优于采用各种持续学习技术的深度世界模型代理。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Continual reinforcement learning (CRL) refers to a naturalistic setting where an agent needs to endlessly evolve, by trial and error, to solve multiple tasks that are presented sequentially. One of the largest obstacles to CRL is that the agent may forget how to solve previous tasks when learning a new task, known as catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, we propose to address this challenge by planning with online world models. Specifically, we learn a Follow-The-Leader shallow model online to capture the world dynamics, in which we plan using model predictive control to solve a set of tasks specified by any reward functions. The online world model is immune to forgetting by construction with a proven regret bound of $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{K^2D\log(T)})$ under mild assumptions. The planner searches actions solely based on the latest online model, thus forming a FTL Online Agent (OA) that updates incrementally. To assess OA, we further design Continual Bench, a dedicated environment for CRL, and compare with several strong baselines under the same model-planning algorithmic framework. The empirical results show that OA learns continuously to solve new tasks while not forgetting old skills, outperforming agents built on deep world models with various continual learning techniques.

持续学习强化学习在线建模

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