arXiv:2507.09480cs.LGcs.NA2025-07

用离散微分原理实现高精度函数表示,解决传统方法误差累积问题。

Discrete Differential Principle for Continuous Smooth Function Representation

  • 基于截断泰勒展开构造范德蒙系数矩阵,统一估计多阶导数
  • 等距采样下实现高阶精度,误差界比传统方法更紧
  • 适用于二维以上多变量场景,适合视觉与流体等跨领域应用

泰勒公式在函数表示中具有重要价值,广泛应用于微分方程求解、视觉感知、流体力学、气象预报等领域。然而,在离散情况下,泰勒公式面临维数灾难和导数计算中的误差传播问题。本文提出一种新型离散微分算子,通过截断泰勒级数导出的范德蒙系数矩阵,局部表示连续光滑函数并同时估计所有低于采样点数的阶导数,有效抑制误差传播。采用等距均匀采样,实现高阶精度且缓解维数灾难。我们从理论上建立了导数估计与函数表示的严格误差界,证明低阶导数误差界更优。方法扩展至二维情形,支持多变量导数计算。实验表明,该方法在导数估计上优于前向差分法,在函数表示上优于三次样条与线性插值。技术可广泛应用于视觉表征、特征提取、流体力学及跨媒体成像等领域。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Taylor's formula holds significant importance in function representation, such as solving differential difference equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, and further promotes applications in visual perception, complex control, fluid mechanics, weather forecasting and thermodynamics. However, the Taylor's formula suffers from the curse of dimensionality and error propagation during derivative computation in discrete situations. In this paper, we propose a new discrete differential operator to estimate derivatives and to represent continuous smooth function locally using the Vandermonde coefficient matrix derived from truncated Taylor series. Our method simultaneously computes all derivatives of orders less than the number of sample points, inherently mitigating error propagation. Utilizing equidistant uniform sampling, it achieves high-order accuracy while alleviating the curse of dimensionality. We mathematically establish rigorous error bounds for both derivative estimation and function representation, demonstrating tighter bounds for lower-order derivatives. We extend our method to the two-dimensional case, enabling its use for multivariate derivative calculations. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method compared to the finite forward difference method for derivative estimation and cubic spline and linear interpolation for function representation. Consequently, our technique offers broad applicability across domains such as vision representation, feature extraction, fluid mechanics, and cross-media imaging.

函数表示离散微分误差分析高阶精度

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