用蚂蚁脑回路实现机器人精准视觉回家,仅需少量学习步。
Visual Homing in Outdoor Robots Using Mushroom Body Circuits and Learning Walks
- 模仿蚂蚁蘑菇体结构,用角度积分信号区分目标左右记忆
- 户外实测可精准停在目标点,低至32×32像素输入
- 资源极省,树莓派4上每秒处理8次,内存不到9kB
蚂蚁以极少感官输入和少量学习步即可实现鲁棒的视觉回家,启发了自主导航的仿生解决方案。尽管蘑菇体(MB)模型已用于机器人路径跟随,但尚未应用于视觉回家。本文首次在小型类车机器人上实现了侧化MB架构的实地视觉回家。验证了角度路径积分(PI)信号符号能否将学习步中获取的全景视图分类为“目标在左”与“目标在右”记忆库,从而在自然户外环境中实现稳健回归。通过四项渐进实验验证:(1)仿真显示巢穴吸引子动力学;(2)解耦学习步后实现巢穴搜索行为;(3)使用带噪PI(GPS-RTK模拟)的随机步实现回家;(4)第五个MB输出神经元(MBON)编码目标视图以控制速度,实现精准停靠目标。该方法模拟蚂蚁精确归巢行为,功能上类似机器人中的航点位置控制,却仅依赖视觉输入。系统在树莓派4上以8 Hz运行,输入为32×32像素,内存占用低于9 kB,提供一种生物基础、资源高效的自主视觉回家方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ants achieve robust visual homing with minimal sensory input and only a few learning walks, inspiring biomimetic solutions for autonomous navigation. While Mushroom Body (MB) models have been used in robotic route following, they have not yet been applied to visual homing. We present the first real-world implementation of a lateralized MB architecture for visual homing onboard a compact autonomous car-like robot. We test whether the sign of the angular path integration (PI) signal can categorize panoramic views, acquired during learning walks and encoded in the MB, into "goal on the left" and "goal on the right" memory banks, enabling robust homing in natural outdoor settings. We validate this approach through four incremental experiments: (1) simulation showing attractor-like nest dynamics; (2) real-world homing after decoupled learning walks, producing nest search behavior; (3) homing after random walks using noisy PI emulated with GPS-RTK; and (4) precise stopping-at-the-goal behavior enabled by a fifth MB Output Neuron (MBON) encoding goal-views to control velocity. This mimics the accurate homing behavior of ants and functionally resembles waypoint-based position control in robotics, despite relying solely on visual input. Operating at 8 Hz on a Raspberry Pi 4 with 32x32 pixel views and a memory footprint under 9 kB, our system offers a biologically grounded, resource-efficient solution for autonomous visual homing.
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