无需方程直接学物理规律,用边界条件生成稳态解
Universal Physics Simulation: A Foundational Diffusion Approach
- 用扩散变换器+草图引导,从边界条件直接生成物理解
- 稳态解结构相似度>0.8,边界精度达亚像素级
- 可发现新物理关系,适合需要自动建模的科研场景
我们提出首个通用物理模拟的基础型AI模型,能够直接从边界条件数据中学习物理规律,无需预先编码方程。传统物理信息神经网络(PINNs)与有限差分法需显式数学表达式,严重限制泛化能力与发现潜力。本研究采用草图引导的扩散变换器方法,将模拟重构为条件生成问题,以空间边界条件指导物理上准确的稳态解合成。通过增强的扩散变换器架构与新型空间关系编码,模型实现边界到平衡态的直接映射,并在多种物理领域具备泛化性。与逐时间步迭代方法累积误差不同,本方法完全跳过时间积分,直接生成稳态解,达到SSIM > 0.8,且保持亚像素级边界精度。基于数据驱动的方法可通过层间相关性传播(LRP)分析学习表征,揭示未预设数学约束下的涌现物理关系。此项工作标志着从AI加速物理向AI发现物理的范式转变,建立了首个真正通用的物理模拟框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present the first foundational AI model for universal physics simulation that learns physical laws directly from boundary-condition data without requiring a priori equation encoding. Traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and finite-difference methods necessitate explicit mathematical formulation of governing equations, fundamentally limiting their generalizability and discovery potential. Our sketch-guided diffusion transformer approach reimagines computational physics by treating simulation as a conditional generation problem, where spatial boundary conditions guide the synthesis of physically accurate steady-state solutions. By leveraging enhanced diffusion transformer architectures with novel spatial relationship encoding, our model achieves direct boundary-to-equilibrium mapping and is generalizable to diverse physics domains. Unlike sequential time-stepping methods that accumulate errors over iterations, our approach bypasses temporal integration entirely, directly generating steady-state solutions with SSIM > 0.8 while maintaining sub-pixel boundary accuracy. Our data-informed approach enables physics discovery through learned representations analyzable via Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP), revealing emergent physical relationships without predetermined mathematical constraints. This work represents a paradigm shift from AI-accelerated physics to AI-discovered physics, establishing the first truly universal physics simulation framework.
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