用大模型生成文字驱动的3D建模序列,让设计提速10倍以上。
CADmium: Fine-Tuning Code Language Models for Text-Driven Sequential CAD Design
- 基于GPT-4.1生成17万+高质文本描述,微调代码大模型生成JSON格式建模指令
- 在合成与人工标注数据上验证,生成物几何结构更优,速度提升显著
- 引入球形度、平均曲率等新指标评估生成质量,适合工业设计与自动化领域
计算机辅助设计(CAD)是工程制造中2D/3D对象数字化构建的核心,但仍是耗时的手动过程。现有方法多依赖小规模Transformer模型与手工设计的序列表示,鲜有利用大语言模型(LLM)进行序列化CAD设计。本文构建了超过17万份带高质量人类风格描述的大型数据集,基于GPT-4.1生成;并在此基础上微调强大的代码型语言模型,实现从自然语言描述到JSON格式建模序列的生成,验证了该方法在文本驱动建模中的可行性与有效性。为克服传统指标局限,提出基于球形度、平均曲率和欧拉特征数的几何与拓扑评估指标,提供更丰富的结构洞察。在合成及人工标注数据上的实验与消融研究证明,CADmium能显著加速新物体设计流程。相关数据集、代码与微调模型已公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the digital construction of 2D and 3D objects, and is central to a wide range of engineering and manufacturing applications like automobile and aviation. Despite its importance, CAD modeling remains largely a time-intensive, manual task. Recent works have attempted to automate this process with small transformer-based models and handcrafted CAD sequence representations. However, there has been little effort to leverage the potential of large language models (LLMs) for sequential CAD design. In this work, we introduce a new large-scale dataset of more than 170k CAD models annotated with high-quality, human-like descriptions generated with our pipeline based on GPT-4.1. Using this dataset, we fine-tune powerful code-LLMs to generate CAD sequences represented in a JSON-based format from natural language descriptions, demonstrating the viability and effectiveness of this approach for text-conditioned CAD generation. Because simple metrics often fail to reflect the quality of generated objects, we introduce geometric and topological metrics based on sphericity, mean curvature, and Euler characteristic to provide richer structural insights. Our experiments and ablation studies on both synthetic and human-annotated data demonstrate that CADmium is able to automate CAD design, drastically speeding up the design of new objects. The dataset, code, and fine-tuned models are available online.
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