把隐喻当洋葱，分层解析其深层含义。
Meanings are like Onions: a Layered Approach to Metaphor Processing
- 将隐喻处理分为内容分析、概念融合、语用意图三层结构
- 通过三层次框架实现从表面关联到深层理解的跨越
- 适合研究语义理解、认知计算与自然语言推理的学者
隐喻意义并非简单的概念映射，而是一种多层次整合的认知现象。本文提出一种分层的隐喻处理模型，将意义比作洋葱：包含（1）内容分析、（2）概念融合、（3）语用意图三个层面。第一层通过基本概念元素标注隐喻；第二层建模概念组合，连接成分生成新意义；第三层引入语用词汇，捕捉说话人意图、交际功能与上下文影响，使隐喻理解与语用理论对齐。该三维度框架统一了多层机制，为计算系统提供更丰富、更贴近认知的隐喻解析方法，推动其超越表层关联，实现更深层、更敏感上下文的推理能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Metaphorical meaning is not a flat mapping between concepts, but a complex cognitive phenomenon that integrates multiple levels of interpretation. In this paper, we propose a stratified model of metaphor processing that treats meaning as an onion: a multi-layered structure comprising (1) content analysis, (2) conceptual blending, and (3) pragmatic intentionality. This three-dimensional framework allows for a richer and more cognitively grounded approach to metaphor interpretation in computational systems. At the first level, metaphors are annotated through basic conceptual elements. At the second level, we model conceptual combinations, linking components to emergent meanings. Finally, at the third level, we introduce a pragmatic vocabulary to capture speaker intent, communicative function, and contextual effects, aligning metaphor understanding with pragmatic theories. By unifying these layers into a single formal framework, our model lays the groundwork for computational methods capable of representing metaphorical meaning beyond surface associations, toward deeper, more context-sensitive reasoning.
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