用语义标签增强的Transformer模型,精准识别电商搜索词中的关键信息。
Extracting Important Tokens in E-Commerce Queries with a Tag Interaction-Aware Transformer Model
- 将查询重写任务转为关键词分类,引入语义标签提升意图理解
- 在真实电商数据集上优于BERT、eBERT等主流模型
- 适合需要提升搜索精准度的电商平台和算法工程师
任何电商搜索引擎的核心任务是检索最相关的商品,以匹配用户查询所反映的搜索意图。这一任务具有挑战性,原因包括查询模糊、买卖双方词汇不一致,以及因关键词过多或过少导致的过度或不足约束。为应对这些挑战,采用查询重写技术,通过删除、替换或扩展关键词来修改用户查询,以弥合查询词与用户意图之间的语义差距。早期方法主要依赖于从有点击或购买行为的用户会话中提取的关键词共现频率统计量。近年来,基于Transformer的监督深度学习方法,如序列到序列模型,被广泛用于查询重写。然而,这些模型未利用查询词的语义标签,而这些标签对捕捉电商查询意图至关重要。本文将查询重写视为一个关键词分类任务,设计了一种依赖关系感知的Transformer语言模型TagBERT,通过利用关键词的语义标签来学习更优的查询短语嵌入表示。在大规模真实电商数据集上的实验表明,TagBERT在重要词分类任务上显著优于多种竞争模型,包括BERT、eBERT及序列到序列Transformer模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The major task of any e-commerce search engine is to retrieve the most relevant inventory items, which best match the user intent reflected in a query. This task is non-trivial due to many reasons, including ambiguous queries, misaligned vocabulary between buyers, and sellers, over- or under-constrained queries by the presence of too many or too few tokens. To address these challenges, query reformulation is used, which modifies a user query through token dropping, replacement or expansion, with the objective to bridge semantic gap between query tokens and users' search intent. Early methods of query reformulation mostly used statistical measures derived from token co-occurrence frequencies from selective user sessions having clicks or purchases. In recent years, supervised deep learning approaches, specifically transformer-based neural language models, or sequence-to-sequence models are being used for query reformulation task. However, these models do not utilize the semantic tags of a query token, which are significant for capturing user intent of an e-commerce query. In this work, we pose query reformulation as a token classification task, and solve this task by designing a dependency-aware transformer-based language model, TagBERT, which makes use of semantic tags of a token for learning superior query phrase embedding. Experiments on large, real-life e-commerce datasets show that TagBERT exhibits superior performance than plethora of competing models, including BERT, eBERT, and Sequence-to-Sequence transformer model for important token classification task.
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