让机器人学会有节奏地运动,还能零样本适应新任务。
Learning to Move in Rhythm: Task-Conditioned Motion Policies with Orbital Stability Guarantees
- 用隐空间的超临界霍普夫分岔建模周期运动,保证稳定性和可扩展性。
- 单个策略可泛化到未见任务,实测性能超越扩散模型等主流方法。
- 适合需要反复动作的机器人任务,如行走、工具使用等场景。
从示范中学习提供了一种高效获取复杂行为的方法,使机器人能够稳健、柔顺且流畅地运动。在此背景下,动态运动基元具备内在稳定性并能抵抗干扰,但通常难以捕捉复杂的周期性行为,且在不同任务间插值能力有限。这些缺陷大幅限制了其应用范围,排除了包括移动和周期性工具使用在内的许多实际任务。本文提出轨道稳定运动基元(OSMPs)——一种结合学习到的微分同胚编码器与隐空间中超临界霍普夫分岔的框架,可在示范基础上精确学习周期性运动,同时提供形式化的轨道稳定性与横向收缩保证。通过将双射编码器条件化于任务,实现了单一学习策略表示多个运动目标,从而在训练分布内实现一致的零样本泛化。我们在多种机器人平台(包括协作机械臂、软体夹持器及仿生刚-软海龟机器人)上进行了大量仿真与真实实验,验证了该方法的通用性与有效性,始终优于当前最优基线方法,如扩散策略等。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Learning from demonstration provides a sample-efficient approach to acquiring complex behaviors, enabling robots to move robustly, compliantly, and with fluidity. In this context, Dynamic Motion Primitives offer built - in stability and robustness to disturbances but often struggle to capture complex periodic behaviors. Moreover, they are limited in their ability to interpolate between different tasks. These shortcomings substantially narrow their applicability, excluding a wide class of practically meaningful tasks such as locomotion and rhythmic tool use. In this work, we introduce Orbitally Stable Motion Primitives (OSMPs) - a framework that combines a learned diffeomorphic encoder with a supercritical Hopf bifurcation in latent space, enabling the accurate acquisition of periodic motions from demonstrations while ensuring formal guarantees of orbital stability and transverse contraction. Furthermore, by conditioning the bijective encoder on the task, we enable a single learned policy to represent multiple motion objectives, yielding consistent zero-shot generalization to unseen motion objectives within the training distribution. We validate the proposed approach through extensive simulation and real-world experiments across a diverse range of robotic platforms - from collaborative arms and soft manipulators to a bio-inspired rigid-soft turtle robot - demonstrating its versatility and effectiveness in consistently outperforming state-of-the-art baselines such as diffusion policies, among others.
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