arXiv:2507.10749cs.RO2025-07被引 4

用真实车祸数据生成高风险驾驶场景,提升自动驾驶系统安全性测试效果。

RCG: Safety-Critical Scenario Generation for Robust Autonomous Driving via Real-World Crash Grounding

  • 通过对比学习构建安全行为表征,融合真实车祸语义。
  • 生成场景使自动驾驶系统成功率平均提升9.2%。
  • 适合自动驾驶安全验证与测试人员使用。

安全关键场景对自动驾驶(AD)系统的训练与评估至关重要,但现实中极为罕见。为此,我们提出真实车祸锚定(RCG)框架,将事故相关语义融入对抗扰动流程。通过大规模驾驶日志的对比预训练,构建安全感知的行为表示,并在小规模高车祸数据集上微调,利用视频提取的近似轨迹标注。该嵌入捕捉与真实事故行为一致的语义结构,支持选择高风险且行为真实的对抗轨迹。我们将该选择机制集成至两个已有场景生成管道中,以嵌入式标准替代手工设计的评分目标。实验表明,针对生成场景训练的自车代理在七项评估设置中成功率平均提升9.2%。定性与定量分析进一步证明,本方法生成的对手行为更合理、更细致,可实现更有效、更真实的AD系统压力测试。代码与工具将公开发布。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for training and evaluating autonomous driving (AD) systems, yet remain extremely rare in real-world driving datasets. To address this, we propose Real-world Crash Grounding (RCG), a scenario generation framework that integrates crash-informed semantics into adversarial perturbation pipelines. We construct a safety-aware behavior representation through contrastive pre-training on large-scale driving logs, followed by fine-tuning on a small, crash-rich dataset with approximate trajectory annotations extracted from video. This embedding captures semantic structure aligned with real-world accident behaviors and supports selection of adversary trajectories that are both high-risk and behaviorally realistic. We incorporate the resulting selection mechanism into two prior scenario generation pipelines, replacing their handcrafted scoring objectives with an embedding-based criterion. Experimental results show that ego agents trained against these generated scenarios achieve consistently higher downstream success rates, with an average improvement of 9.2% across seven evaluation settings. Qualitative and quantitative analyses further demonstrate that our approach produces more plausible and nuanced adversary behaviors, enabling more effective and realistic stress testing of AD systems. Code and tools will be released publicly.

自动驾驶场景生成安全测试

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